The Bad Influences of Television

Balance 571 Week 4 Essay Example Balance 571 Week 4 Essay Balance 571 Week 4 Essay Guillermo Furniture Analysis Paper University of Phoenix Corporate Finance FIN/571 Guillermo Furniture Analysis Paper . Guillermo Navallez is the proprietor and administrator of the Guillermo Furniture Company. Mr. Navallez has worked this store for year in the Sonora, Mexico region and had manufactured a positive affinity with that network. As of late, Mr. Navallez has two issues he is confronting. One issue is an abroad contender and the other is the significant expense of work. The abroad contender is making furniture utilizing new and inventive advances. Since Guillermo furniture represents considerable authority in stand-out hand made furnishings, his expense of work is incredibly high due to the time that is expected to make each piece. Along these lines, Guillermo is losing benefit just as clients; Mr. Navallez has been attempting various plans to help improve his business. . As of right now, the main choice for the Guillermo furniture store is straightforward. This organization must join the positions of its rivals so as to remain in business. Guillermo needs to change from carefully assembled pieces into utilizing the innovative innovation like its rivals. This innovation will reduce expenses on materials just as work, and still gracefully quality furnishings. Guillermo Furniture has a choice to be taken over by its rival. This alternative isn't gotten well by Mr. Navallez. He has no expectation of being purchased out. Since he wouldn't like to lose everything that he has worked for, Mr. Navallez needs to place an arrangement energetically right away. He is worried about his family and his obligation to deal with them. : In The organization utilized the â€Å"what-if† model, it would permit the entrepreneur to take a blend of his projections and think of one goals. On the off chance that he incorporates various speculations it will assist with setting up a current worth file. Mr. Navallez could then gain by his speculations. The WACC is built up by the utilization of various evaluations Mr. Navallez has been looking into changed options for the Guillermo Furniture Store. A company’s resources are financed by either obligation or value. By taking a weighted normal, you can perceive how much premium the organization needs to pay for each dollar it accounts. WACC is the general required profit for the organization in general and, it is frequently utilized inside by organization executives to decide the probability of development openings and mergers. It is the fitting rate to use for incomes with chance that is like that of the general firm (Investopedia, 2011). The primary alternative is to continue maintaining the same old thing and not rolling out any improvements. The net present worth investigation can be controlled by and outside substance to show whether Guillermo is working at its most noteworthy while in business. This will show the net present an incentive after expenses. The Net Present Value is the distinction between what something is worth and the current estimation of its normal future money (Emery, Finnerty, Stowe, 2007, p. 187). Next, the compensation time frame is the quantity of years it takes the business to recoup from the first venture. On the off chance that $300 million is contributed inside a specific timespan the organization will be capable add more income to the cash that was initially put into the organization. Restitution periods can take quite a while or a brief timeframe relying upon the conditions. Then again, it will inevitably pay off at long last. For Mr. Navallez and Guillermo Furniture, a compensation time span is the best alternative to help exploit the reproduction of his business. Capital planning is the way toward picking a drawn out capital venture According to (Emery, Finnerty, and Stowe). This remembers ventures for land just as hardware. Capital planning is educated to the store as a result of Guillermo’s resources, items, and administrations that the business gives. There is no restriction to the quantities of potential speculations that can’t be reached. Nonetheless, in light of present and future choices, imperatives for the future will be extremely thin. Arranging of these decisions will assist with benefiting from resources and improve the benefits later on. In The Guillermo Furniture Store Scenario, capital planning ventures are decided by esteem. We likewise discover that capital is worth more than it costs, since stock costs will increment and afterward the riches by the measure of capital will be unique. All in all The Guillermo stock would increment if the organization took on a capital planning venture with a positive stock worth and diminishing if the stock worth is negative. Reference Emery, Finnerty, Stowe. (2007). Corporate Financial Management (third ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall. Investopedia. (2011). www. investopedia. com. Recovered from investopedia. com/terms/w/wacc. asp University of Phoenix (2011). Lawrence Sports Simulation [Video podcast]. Fund for Managerial Decision Making: Working Capital Management. Recovered from http://https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/AAPD/merchants/goodbye/sims/money/working_capital/finance_working_capital_frame. html

A Change of heart About Animals Essay

Albeit quite a bit of current innovation is centered around materialistic things as opposed to the issues, for example, basic entitlements, which are increasingly significant. â€Å"A Change of heart About Animals†, by Jeremy Rifkin, is an article where he contends how creatures have sentiments and ought to have their own privileges. He portrays how creatures can learn. What he doesn’t do is portray creatures as a lower class, however as â€Å"Our individual creatures† so he states in his article. In Rifkin’s article he utilizes language, for example, ethos, feeling, and logos while utilizing an enticing tone. Ethos is communicated when Rifkin credits the researchers at Oxford University with the testing of two crows and their capacity to catch a bit of meat from inside a cylinder. Tenderness is additionally communicated towards the finish of the article when he sincerely calls creatures â€Å"our individual humans†. To wrap things up logos is communicated when he states how the European Union prohibited the utilization of secluding pigs in slows down. Some have contended that by straightforward jester’s creatures can live more joyful lives. For instance, in Germany pig ranchers are urged to allow pigs twenty seconds of human contact every day. A portion of the backers that give this examination are inexpensive food purveyors, for example, McDonalds, Burger King, and KFC. Their commitment has dialed the weight down of basic entitlements activists. Despite the fact that means have been taken towards investigate advancement, there is still more to be scholarly. Due to such unfeeling conduct appeared by certain ranchers, a few colleges have presented law seminars on basic entitlements. A portion of these Universities have documented claims for basic entitlements. Because of this Germany turned into the first country to ensure basic entitlements in quite a while constitution. It just demonstrates that there are still some acceptable individuals out there. It’s evident that more move should be made towards accomplishing our objective at basic entitlements. With the assistance of creature activists and some significant colleges, we can accomplish basic entitlements. It isn’t toll to them. That’s why it’s up to us to give our kindred animals the rights and assurance that they merit. Simply think, OK prefer to be confined the entire day with no state on what to eat, and live in hard conditions? A Change of Heart about Animals Essay In â€Å"A Change of Heart about Animals† Jeremy Rifkin says that creatures have a similar human characteristics that people have. Also, with that they merit more if not a similar measure of regard as people. He gives numerous models on how a few creatures are human like feeling and talented astute. I can't help contradicting Rifkin. I feel that most creatures ought not get more regard than people reason being that the greater part of the creatures he recorded will be slaughtered and be utilized for sensible human use. Regardless, Rifkin gives numerous models that are self repudiating to what he is attempting to contend. First Rifkin says â€Å"Studies on pigs’ social conduct financed by McDonalds at Purdue University†¦ they need warmth and are effortlessly discouraged if isolated†¦ absence of mental and physical upgrades can bring about decay of health.† Here Rifkin is stating that pigs need consideration so as to remain solid. I can't help contradicting this in light of the fact that at long last the pigs will be murdered and be utilized for human utilization so for what reason would it give it a second thought on the off chance that they are discouraged or not. Likewise, it negates itself in light of the fact that the individuals subsidizing it are one of the significant partnerships killing a huge number of pigs day in and out so it causes it to appear as though they are attempting to spare the pigs. Later he states â€Å"Philosophers since quite a while ago contended that different creatures are not fit for mindfulness since they need individualism†¦ At the Washington National Zoo, orangutans given mirrors investigate portions of their bodies they can’t in any case observe, demonstrating a feeling of self.† Here he is expressing how creatures do in reality have a feeling of mindfulness and that orangutans are a prime model. I can't help contradicting this explanation being that Rifkin didn’t give the name of the logicians who said this, making it not tenable on the grounds that anybody could have said that. Additionally they are not so much giving the orangutans to openly watch themselves since they have them secured up fenced in area at the Washington national zoo. With everything taken into account I think Rifkin doesn't give a sufficient contention. He gives models that effectively repudiate him making his contention not valid enough for the peruser. With this I think Rifkin is in no situation to state that creatures merit a larger number of rights than people.

Quality Assurance Essay Example for Free

Quality Assurance Essay It is the arrangement of Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E. T.B.- Mayo Area to create and execute a powerful Quality Assurance framework that shows steady reiteration of good execution utilizing an arrangement of recorded systems, which are known, comprehended and worked by all faculty. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area’s QA framework exhibits our ability to screen, assess and improve the nature of projects and administrations to educators and mentors just as students. All Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area suppliers Quality Assurance frameworks are affirmed by FETAC (Further Education and Training Awards Council). What you have to know On Induction you will be given data about your program and the evaluation procedure from your guides, However it is your obligation to guarantee that you know about all appraisal data and request explanation on anything that you believe you don't completely comprehend. This handbook incorporates all appraisal strategies and techniques. All students must finish paperwork for receipt of the handbook. September 2013 Rendition 3 Quality Assurance Policies Evaluation Reasonable and Consistent Assessment of Learners Arrangements and Guidelines. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area Mission Statement In accordance with its statement of purpose, it is the approach of Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.Mayo Area to give a strong and positive instrument to guarantee that all students are surveyed in a fair way and that straightforward techniques are apparent to ensure agreeable results for all partners. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area is focused on guaranteeing that all techniques for evaluation are successful in estimating student achievement in accordance with reported learning results and that appraisal arrangement and practices are compelling in observing the legitimacy, value and unwavering quality of appraisal steady with national best practice. The arranging and recording of evaluations is to be done as per the granting body’s (FETAC) prerequisites and focus method. So as to accomplish this Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area has actualized the accompanying archived strategies, rules and systems: Admissions Policy Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area VEC Code of Behavior for Students and Procedures Evaluation Deadline Policy Criticism Policy Complaint Regarding A Grade Policy Offers Policy Excellent Circumstances Policy Written falsification Policy and Procedure for restorative activity. Evaluation Malpractice Policy. Application for Specific arrangement. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area Anti Bullying and Harassment Policy Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area Computer Network and Internet Usage Policy. September 2013 Rendition 3 Evaluation Information Student Guidance and Information It is the learners’ duty to follow all rules on appraisal. Students will get the accompanying data either composed or verbally from the instructor conveying each module:The reason, strategies and timetable of FETAC evaluation errands. Applicable module descriptors, evaluation measures and cutoff times for accommodation of proof. A duplicate and clarification of area 9 (Assessment Regulations for Candidates) from NCVA/FETAC â€Å"Regulations for Centers and Candidates.† What components will and won't check towards interval and last appraisal and with what weighting. Extensive evaluation briefs and guidelines for all levels. The stamping and evaluating shows utilized. The results of evaluation, for example, choices about movement and privileges of bid, for example complaint with respect to an evaluation structure. Counterfeiting; the definition and the punishments, including instances of worthy referencing methods and Procedures for Corrective Action. How and when appraisal choices are made. †Feedback Policy, Appeals Policy. Arrangement on late accommodation of work. †Assessment Deadline Policy, Extenuating Circumstances Policy. Measures expected with respect to the turn in of work. Channels of correspondence for example input, inquiry with respect to an evaluation and so on †Complaint Regarding a Grade Form. Student jobs and obligations Students are answerable for looking for and guaranteeing that they know about data on evaluation, including cutoff times and so on. Students will follow the necessary techniques for appraisal Students must watch cutoff times as informed by the middle for the accommodation of all evaluation work. Up-and-comers must sign an announcement on all work to be surveyed expressing that all activities, assignments, student records and assortments of work/portfolio work introduced for evaluation are their own unique work †See Plagiarism Policy. Where gathering ventures/assignments have been attempted, all applicants must show which some portion of the work is their own. The arrangement of each gathering part should record or contain supporting proof of the individual’s commitment to the gathering task. September 2013 Rendition 3 Students must not meddle with or harm at all crafted by different applicants. Students must observe the standards and guidelines of the VEC and FETAC in regards to evaluation. Students ought to guarantee that they keep their very own duplicate work. When delivered evaluation work won't be come back to students, this is for security of appraisal purposes. Craftsmanship and specialty work, will be come back to students, this might be gathered at a predefined date and time after the interests cutoff time has lapsed †focuses will tell students of these occasions. On the off chance that a student doesn't gather the work or contact the middle by the predefined date, the craftsmanship and art work will be crushed, this is for security of appraisal purposes. Confirmations Policy This approach is set inside the setting of The Department of Education and Science, models and methodology, The National Qualifications (Education and Preparing) Act 1999 (NQAI) and The Further Education and Training Awards Council (FETAC), distributed approaches. This confirmations strategy is given Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area to encourage deep rooted learning and advance open doors for: Access Move Movement All Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area focuses intend to: Provide a reasonable and straightforward arrangement of affirmations for every single planned student. Make sensible arrangement and convenience for students, incorporating those with an incapacity as per important enactment, with due respect to the proficient utilization of accessible assets. See application for explicit arrangement. All focuses must advise students regarding the information ability and fitness required for fruitful application in each program advertised. A particular passage necessities for a program will be expressed including suitable elective experience or capabilities. These will follow FETAC’s rules ‘Information for Learners Guidelines for Providers.’ All applications for programs got in any of Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.Mayo Area Centers for that program will be inspected by focus staff. All September 2013

The Skills Dilemma Skills Under-Utilisation and Low-Wage Work

The Skills Dilemma Skills Under-Utilization and Low-Wage Work A Bottom Ten Million Research Paper Jonny Wright and Paul Sissons January 2012 Contents 1. Presentation 2. Abilities under-usage in the UK and low-wage work †the size of the difficult 3. The test of improving low-wage work: the job of abilities usage 4. An investigation of abilities under-use in two low-wage segments †retail and neighborliness 5. Ends and arrangement proposals Appendix I: Under-utilization of abilities in The Work Foundation’s Knowledge Workers Survey 8 11 17 27 32 List of Boxes, Figures and Tables Box 1: Approaches to aptitudes use Box 2: Summary discoveries: Drivers of aptitudes under-usage in low-wage segments Figure 1: Percentage of representatives over and under-talented, by industry Figure 2: Percentage of workers over and under-gifted, by occupation Figure 3: Employment by occupation in the retail division and the entire economy Figure 4: Employment by occupation in accommodation an d the entire economy Table 1: Making terrible occupations great 5 23 10 18 20 16Acknowledgements This paper is distributed as a major aspect of our Bottom Ten Million research program. We might want to thank our supporters †Barrow Cadbury Trust, Private Equity Foundation, The Tudor Trust and Working Links. We might likewise want to thank the accompanying master interviewees: Prof. Ewart Keep, Thomas Baum, Dr. Odul Bozkurt, Michelle Irving, Anne Murphy, Aoife Ni Luanaigh, David Fuhr, Bob Butcher, Mike Darby Prof. Irena Grugulis, Katerina Rudiger, Linda McLeod, Marc Robertson, Kate Tetley, Prof. Dennis Nickson.Jonathan Wright has left The Work Foundation, the report doesn't speak to the perspective on his new businesses. This paper is the second in a progression of productions as a major aspect of The Work Foundation’s new research program, The Bottom Ten Million, which centers around the business possibilities of Britain’s low workers among now and 2020 and tries t o recognize the need quantifies that should be taken on the off chance that they are to partake in the wellsprings of development and thriving throughout the following decade. There are ten million individuals in Britain who presently have yearly earnings of not exactly ? 5,000. The Bottom Ten Million program is supported by Working Links, The Tudor Trust, the Barrow Cadbury Trust and the Private Equity Foundation. 2 The Skills Dilemma 1. Presentation There is an aptitudes situation in the UK. Progressive governments have focussed on flexibly side measures to handle the UK’s abilities issues and to improve the nation’s worldwide financial intensity. Be that as it may, regardless of expanded interest in abilities and instructive achievement, work profitability in the UK lingers behind other comparator nations. Ruler Leitch’s audit of aptitudes found that the UK’s moderately poor abilities base just records for around one fifth of the profitability hole wit h nations, for example, Germany and France;2 with the rest for the most part owing to our poor record of ‘investing in physical capital, R&D and infrastructure’, yet reporters have likewise distinguished the significance of work association and employment configuration in boosting efficiency. 3 This paper difficulties the understood supposition in much aptitudes strategy making that the abilities issue lies exclusively on the flexibly side.Supply-side intercessions can surely support intensity and furthermore have a significant effect on singular work advertise results; anyway in disengagement they have not been adequate to close the efficiency hole with contender countries. 4 We along these lines contend that more noteworthy consideration should be paid to the restricted interest for aptitudes. This contention isn't new, Wilson and Hogarth supported this view in the mid 2000s,5 anyway affirmation of the issue in strategy circles, and progress towards better interes t side strategies, has been agonizingly moderate. The UK faces noteworthy abilities challenges.The recommendation of interest side concerns ought not be taken as suggesting that there are not further upgrades that can be made in the flexibly of aptitudes. This is especially valid for the most reduced gifted. While the UK positions twelfth for significant level abilities in the OECD, it is further behind for middle of the road level aptitudes (eighteenth) and for low abilities (seventeenth). 6 The gracefully of aptitudes has significant ramifications for the capacity of managers to enroll an appropriately qualified and gifted workforce. Last year’s national business abilities review found that 19 percent of managers were experiencing an aptitudes hole. It is in this manner clear that on-going endeavors to improve the gracefully of aptitudes stay significant. 8 However, there is a developing group of research contending that the aptitudes issue is connected not exclusively to a bilities flexibly yet in addition to poor abilities usage. For this investigation we receive a meaning of aptitudes usage that catches both the individual, firm level and potential national impacts, and which was created by the Scottish Funding Council (SFC) who have as of late supported a program of 12 activities which test various ways to deal with abilities utilisation.CFE (2008) Skills Utilization Literature Review, Scottish Government Social Research Leitch Review of Skills (2005) Skills in the UK: The drawn out test HM Treasury 3 Keep, E. , Mayhew, K. what's more, Payne, J. (2006) ‘From Skills Revolution to Productivity Miracle †not as simple as it sounds? ’ Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22:4. 4 CFE (2008) Skills Utilization Literature Review, Scottish Government Social Research 5 Wilson, R. what's more, Hogarth, T. (Eds. (2003) Tackling the Low Skills Equilibrium: A Review of Issues and Some New Evidence Department of Trade and Industry 6 UKCES (2010) Am bition 2020 7 UKCES (2009) National Employer Skills Survey 8 Lawton, K. (2009) Nice Work If You Can Get It IPPR 1 2 The Skills Dilemma 3 Introduction Effective aptitudes usage is about: †¢ Confident, inspired and pertinently talented people who know about the abilities they gangs and expertise to best utilize them in the working environment. Working in: †¢ Workplaces that give significant and proper consolation, opportunity and backing for representatives to utilize their abilities effectively.In request to: †¢ Increase execution and profitability, improve work fulfillment and worker prosperity, and animate speculation, undertaking and advancement. Past research by The Work Foundation has discovered that somewhere in the range of 35 and 45 percent of representatives feel their abilities are under-used. 9 Other representative reviews, for example, the UK Skills Survey have revealed comparative outcomes. Aptitudes under-usage is additionally progressively common in low- wage parts. Manager interest for aptitudes is least in segments, for example, retail and accommodation †those segments which additionally utilize the most low-wage workers.Skills use matters for the UK economy, for bosses and for representatives. Right off the bat, in spite of the fact that the UK workforce has gotten progressively gifted as of late, the efficiency hole with comparator nations remains. There is a developing assortment of research that contends that an interest side methodology is expected to help close the hole. Also, better aptitudes usage matters for managers since it can bring about better spurred, certain and profitable representatives and decrease staff turnover. What's more, ultimately, better aptitudes use can make work all the more fulfilling for representatives, and improve their possibilities for movement. 0 Therefore, inability to comprehend and address the aptitudes issue properly won't just obstruct the UK’s long haul development potential h owever may likewise hose social versatility. 9 10 Brinkley, I. et al. (2009) Knowledge Workers and Work The Work Foundation CFE (2008) Skills Utilization Literature Review Scottish Government Social Research The Skills Dilemma 4 Introduction Box 1: Approaches to abilities use One issue innate in the aptitudes use plan is that the term ‘skills utilisation’ is dependent upon a moderately wide assortment of definitions.These definitional issues are additionally displayed in pragmatic abilities use strategies, with the early assessment proof from Scotland recommending various pilot ventures inclined intensely towards the gracefully side of aptitudes. There are additionally various ways to deal with aptitudes usage †these have been gathered as market-driven, state-driven and all encompassing (see table underneath). These methodologies contrast in their center, fundamental drivers and models of conveyance just as in their proposed outcomes.The following table gives an ou tline of a portion of these distinctions with respect to both their execution and effect: Implementation of approaches Market driven Focus Driver Model Organization Business execution HPW Learning move Leadership and the executives Employee trust State driven Organization National profitability National technique Workplace ventures Buy-in †bosses, representatives Holistic Industry/National thriving National methodology (joining procurement and use) Stakeholder commitment Sector wide activities FundEnablers Impact of approaches Market driven Take up Outcomes †monetary Low Profit Sales Productivity Job fulfillment Staff maintenance/inspiration Work escalation Employee purchase in State driven No proof Productivity Holistic No proof Use of assets Improved development Improved cooperation Outcomes †social Well-being Working conditions Equality and assorted variety Buy-in Dissemination Limitations Broad methodology MeasurementS (Source: CFE, 2008)Generally abilities usage is introduced as a positive idea, albeit a few observers seeing the idea in its broadest sense likewise contend that administration rehearses focused on purposely constraining the utilization of representatives aptitudes can likewise be instances of aptitudes use. The difficulties looked by low-wage laborers †remembering the under-usage of aptitudes for low-expertise low-wage parts †are driven by various components. There are powers both inside and outside of the working environment that shape under

The Liquidity On Islamic Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

This study examines the impact of liquidity on Islamic banks profitability during an 11 years period of 2001 to 2011. To explore and interpret the results the study has taken samples from five Islamic banks that have been in operation in Bangladesh on or before 2001 to till date. In order to construct the liquidity model it used four liquidity variables namely cash due from banks to total assets (CDTA), cash due from banks to total deposits (CDDEP), investment to total assets (INVSTA) and investment to total deposits (INVSDEP). According to adjusted R squares profitability variables return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on deposits (ROD) are respectively 17.1%, 4.5% and 24.6% dependent on independent variables. The statistical results suggest that CDTA is found insignificant with all profitability variables, whereas CDDEP is individually significant with all profitability variables except ROE. On the other hand INVSTA and INVSDEP are recognized significant with all three profitability variables. However, when ROE stands for an insignificant relationship with the overall liquidity model, ROA and ROD are identified significantly correlated with the similar model at 1% significant level. The findings do strengthen the specification that the impact of liquidity reflects adequate imposition on profitability that the Islamic banks in Bangladesh must abide by. Keywords: Dependency level; Islamic Banking Goals; Liquidity ratios; Profitability ratios; Significance level. JEL Classification: G21 Introduction Business in Islam has always been viewed as an opportunity for potentials as long as it stands on moral and ethical grounds and conforms to the Islamic code of conduct. The actual role of Islamic bank inherits in promoting and empowering the banking services and product based on Islamic principles. The main principles of Islamic banking comprise of prohibition of interest in all forms of transactions, and undertaking business and trade activities on the basis of fair and legitimate profit (Haron and Shanmugan, 1997). But according to Islamic principles, reward, i.e. profit without sharing the risks or hazards in the economic understandings is totally prohibited. Perhaps, the most significant risk of an Islamic bank is to build a sound liquidity management. Islamic banking has gained much popularity in Bangladesh over the last few years. There is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principles set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment / productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The downturn in the United States in the late part of 2008 led to a dramatic downturn in businesses and financial institutions, not only in the United States but other countries as well (Lau, 2008). It affected the world stock markets and made large financial institutions to either go bankrupt or sell off their shares to the public (Anup, 2009). But surprisingly it could not affect the Islamic banking industry as much as expected. Most banks now keep protective reserves on top of planned reserves. Excess liquidity is reported in nearly all Islamic banks (Ali and Howlader, 2005). Due to unavailability of local capital market, Islamic banking sectors have been suffering from investing idle fund in liquid venture (Rashid and Nishat, 2009). Surplus liquidity with Islamic banks cannot be easily transferred to conventional banks since the Islamic banks do not accept interest; however there is room for exchange of surplus funds among the Islamic banks on a Mudarabah / Musharakah basis. The greater the number of Islamic banks and wider their activities, the greater will be the scope of cooperation in this field. So, what should be the crucial choice of an Islamic bank; whether to take fundamental choice of profit maximization or to concern more on assurance of liquidity in any banking business under Islamic principles? Possibly the answer could rise if we can have ideas on how liquidity position affects Islamic banks profitability. Analysis of financial statement has become very significant due to widespread interest of various parties in the financial result of a business unit. As a Muslim community, Bangladesh and its people are in greater interest for a Shariah approved banking system. The question from the pe ople arise when there are any lacking in response to customers demand (liquidity risk) as well as any deficiency in showing upward banks value (profitability risk). Consequently this is a demand of time now to evaluate the impact of liquidity risk on profitability for overall Islamic banking industry in Bangladesh, as this paper attempts to find. Literature Review Banks today are under great pressure to perform- to meet the objectives of their stockholders, employees, depositors and borrowing customers, while somehow keeping government regulators satisfied that the banks policies, loans and investments are sound (Rose, 2004-2005). At present a lot of countries around the world having twofold banking system, as interest free banks are functioning parallel to conventional banks (Akhtar, Ali and Sadaqat, 2011). In Islam, profit is simply a reward of taking risk. So, it should be a natural outcome of the fair play of the twin forces of demand and supply in the market (Latif, 1982). On the other hand liquidity implies availability of cash that how bank rapidly may convert its assets into cash to meet the need of short term. It is considered that it is life of the banks. Higher amount of the liquid assets reflect the greater liquidity of the firm (Akhter, Raza, Orangzab and Akram, 2011). The essence of liquidity management problem arises from t he fact that there is a trade-off between liquidity and profitability and mismatch between demand and supply (Khan and Ahmed, 2001). While the bank has no control over the sources of fund (deposits), it can control the use of funds. To support their depositors demand, banks need money, or in other sense the power to create money. That is why Akkas (1982) suggested that commercial banks should be compelled to keep reserves up to the full amount of their deposits, a reserve of 100 percent. Islamic principles are always in favor of non-inflationary economy. Therefore, bringing a kind of equilibrium between demand and supply for investible funds appears to be a major concern for financial intermediation (Siddiqui, 2010). But, it is to be noted that Islamic market mechanism does not support the concept of equilibrium price, rather, acts as the instrument to meet the effective demand of a consumer.  [1] Not only does Islamic banks profitability seem less volatile than that of convent ional peers, but it is also higher on average, at least in the GCC region (Hassoune, 2002). Haron (2004) said that liquidity, total expenditures, funds invested in Islamic securities, and the percentage of the profit-sharing ratio between the bank and the borrower of funds are highly correlated with the level of total income received by the Islamic banks. Similar effects are found for external factors such as interest rates, market share and size of the banks. He also added that other determinants such as funds deposited into current accounts, total capital and reserves, the percentage of profit sharing between bank and depositors, and money supply also play a major role in influencing the profitability of Islamic banks. Return on assets is a good indicator of a banks financial performance and managerial efficiency. It shows how competent the management is in allocating asset into net profit. The higher the ROA, the higher is the financial performance or profitability of the bank s (Samad, 2004). Return on equity measures the rate of return on the bases of capital and equity capital (Akhter, Raza, Orangzab and Akram, 2011). This ratio indicates how bank can generate profit with the money shareholders have invested. The higher value of this ratio shows higher financial performance. Like ROA, ROE is also an indicator for managerial efficiency (Ika and Abdullah, 2011). Return on deposits shows percentage return on each currency of customers deposit. In other words, it indicates the effectiveness of bank in converting deposit into net earnings (Rosly and Bakar, 2003). However, profitability is only part of bank performance story (Samad and Hasan, 1999). Cash in a bank vault is the most liquid asset of a bank. Cash assets include vault cash held on bank premises, deposits the bank holds at the Central bank in its district, deposits held with other banks to compensate them for clearing checks and other interbank services, and cash items in the process of collec tion (Rose, 2004-2005). A higher cash-deposit ratio indicates that a bank is relatively more liquid than a bank which has lower cash-deposit ratio. Depositors trust to bank is enhanced when a bank maintains a higher cash-deposit ratio. On the other hand an increase in loan-deposit ratio indicates that a bank is in more financial stress by making too much loan. Therefore, lower loan-deposit ratio is always favorable to higher loan-deposit ratio (Samad and Hasan, 1999). Loans-assets ratio measures the percentage of assets that are tied up in loans. The higher the ratio, the less liquid the bank will be (Samad, 2004). While making significant progress in return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), the liquidity performance of Bank Islam Malaysia (BIMB, the single full-fledged Islamic bank in Malaysia) between 1984-89 and 1990-97 in various measures such as cash-deposit ratio, loan-deposit ratio and current ratio showed neither deterioration nor improvement (Samad and Hassan, 1999). Chowdhury and Ahmed (2009) investigated that total deposits of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. was higher in comparison to some non-Islamic banks during 2002 to 2006. Saifullah (2010) argued that Islamic banks in Bangladesh are superior to Conventional banks after an overall assessment of financial performance including liquidity and profitability position. When making comparisons across firms (or over time), it is useful to control for differences in their resource base (Foster, 2002). At the same time liquidity of those resources is of paramount significance for banks (Maheshwari and Maheshwari, 2002). Akhtar, Ali and Sadaqat (2011) found positive but insignificant relationship of size of the bank and net-working capital to net assets with liquidity risk in Islamic banks. In addition return on assets (ROE) in Islamic banks is found to be positive and significant with liquidity risk at 10% significant level. A study over determinants of Jordanian Islamic banks profitabilit y revealed that there are significant and positive relationship between Return on Assets and Provision for Credit Facilities + Interest in Suspense / Credit Facilities, Total Equity / Total Assets and Total Income / Total Asset of the Islamic banking, and there are significant and negative relationship between ROA and the Bank Size, Total Liabilities / Total Assets, Annual Growth Rate for Gross domestic product, Inflation Rate and Exchange Rate of the Islamic Banking. Also this study found that there are significant and positive relationship between Return on Equity and Log TA, TL / TA, TI /TA and ERS of the Islamic banking, and there are significant and negative relationship between ROE and PRFCFI / CF, TE / TA, GDPGR and INF of the Islamic Banking (Khrawish, Siam and Khrawish, 2011). Naceur and Goaied (2010) investigation regarding the determinants of the Tunisian banks performances during the period 1980-1995 showed that the principal determinants of a banks performance are by order of importance: labor productivity, bank portfolio composition, capital productivity and bank capitalization. Athanasoglou, Delis and Staikouras (2008) examined the profitability behavior of bank-specific, industry-related and macroeconomic determinants, using an unbalanced panel dataset of South Eastern European (SEE) credit institutions over the period 1998-2002. The estimation results indicated that, with the exception of liquidity, all bank-specific determinants significantly affect bank profitability in the anticipated way. The paper concludes with some remarks on the practicality and implements ability of the findings. Using bank level data for 80 countries in the 1988-1995 periods, a study suggested that interest margins differences and banks profitability reflect a variety of determinants such as; bank characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, explicit and implicit bank taxation, deposit insurance regulation, overall financial structure, and several underlying lega l and institutional indicators (Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Huizinga, 1998). Shahchera (2012) analyzed the impact of liquid asset holdings on bank profitability for a sample of Iranian banks. Applying the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), this study analyzed the profitability of listed banks using unbalanced panel data over the period of 2002-2009. An important finding of this study is that the business cycle significantly affects bank profits. The coefficient of regulation is negative and significant. Therefore if regulators reduce the constraints imposed on banks, banks obtain profit. Liquidity is of vital importance to the daily operations of a bank. Maintenance of a sound liquidity position of the bank is necessary to protect the bank against uncertainties of its business. Maintenance of liquidity bears both risk and return. A tradeoff between these two elements can minimize the conflict between liquidity versus profitability of a bank (Islam, 2008). As stated by Islam (2008) K och (1992) believed that there is a short-run tradeoff between liquidity and profitability. The more liquid a bank is, the lower are its return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA), all other things being equal. Therefore, statistical significance of liquidity on profitability can be a great factor for potential investors. In a nutshell the influence of Islamic banks liquidity cannot be negligible when considering profit as their most vigorous concern. Methodology 3.1 Sample Design and Data Collection In Bangladesh, currently seven Islamic banks are providing their services as pure Islamic banks and running their operations under the guidance of Islamic Shariah. Among them, five Islamic banks have been selected to investigate the impact of Islamic banks liquidity risk on profitability over the period of 11 years during 2001 to 2011.  [2]  Selected Islamic banks are- 1. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited 2. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited 3. Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited 4. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited 5. Social Islami Bank Limited The data used in this study are compiled from income statements and balance sheets of selected banks from their each year annual report. The study model is tested on time series cross-sectional bank level data in the context of Bangladesh over the period 2001 to 2011. Thus, present study has been conducted taking into account a total samples of [5ÃÆ'Æ’-11] 55 under each variable. 3.2 Explanatory Variables To analyze the liquidity impact on profitability using multiple regression analysis, variables were assigned into two sections- Dependent Variables: Return on Assets = Net Income after Taxes / Total Assets Return on Equity = Net Income after Taxes / Total Equity Capital Account Return on Deposits = Net Income after Taxes / Total Deposits Independent Variables: Cash Due from Banks to Total Assets = Cash Due from Banks / Total Assets Cash Due from Banks to Total Deposits = Cash Due from Banks / Total Deposits Investment (Loans Advances) to Total Assets = Investment / Total Assets Investment (Loans Advances) to Total Deposits = Investment / Total Deposits 3.3 Research Model and Hypotheses The current research is being conducted to evaluate the impact of liquidity on profitability by applying multiple linear regression model which had previously been developed and applied by Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Huizinga (1999), Haron (2004), Athanasoglou, Delis and Staikouras (2008), Toni (2008), Naceur and Goaied (2008), Saleem and Rehman (2011), Khrawish, Siam and Khrawish (2011), Shahchera (2012) and many more in essence of their contribution to banking, economics and finance. Utilizing the similar model these preceding studies focused on assessing diverse determinants of Islamic banks profitability. Present study used the same model but for only to strengthening on liquidity variables in order to demonstrate their impact on profitability. Current research model is as follows- Where, ROA = Return on assets ROE = Return on equity ROD = Return on deposits CDTA = Cash due from banks to total assets CDDEP = Cash due from banks to total deposits INVSTA = Inve stment (loans advances) to total assets INVSDEP = Investment (loans advances) to total deposits ÃÆ'†°Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" = constant term ÃÆ' ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ = slopes associated with the independent (liquidity) variables i = banks t = time ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ = error term To do the analysis following two hypotheses were designed: There is an insignificant relationship between liquidity and profitability, i.e. H0: b1 = b2 = b3 = b4 = 0 (null hypothesis) There is a significant relationship between liquidity and profitability, i.e. Ha: b1 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b3 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b4 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   0 (alternative hypothesis) 4 Statistical Results and Analyses The statistical analysis of secondary data has been divided into three dimensions, i.e. descriptive, correlation and regression. All the statistical tests have been performed through SPSS V15.0. 4.1 Descriptive Statistics Table 1 shows descriptive statistics for dependent and independent variables. The analyzed statistics figures illustrate the mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values of Islamic banks. The statistics suggest irregular drawbacks in minimum value of ROA ROD, even more in ROE, leading to a dramatic decrease in percentage return for overall Islamic banking industry.  [3]  The mean value of dependent variables imply that maximum portion of banks income goes for shareholders, as here ROE indicates greater outcome in percentage return in comparisons to ROA or ROD. However, according to the statistics, the fraction of investment in total assets and total deposits exceeds cash due from banks to a great extent if we take a look at their mean values. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Dependent Variable ROA -4.85 3.07 1.2060 1.05572 ROE -176.07 38.81 15.8591 27.86636 ROD -5.20 3.66 1.4722 1.22965 Independent Variable CDTA 9.94 82.12 21.4307 12.59587 CDDEP 11.62 95.43 25.3715 14.06618 INVSTA 13.33 82.51 70.2224 11.45243 INVSDEP 15.49 103.86 84.2804 15.55431 Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) 4.2 Correlation Matrix The correlation coefficients are stated in Table 2. This gives information on the degree of correlation between all the dependent (profitability) and independent (liquidity) variables used in the analysis. The opportunity has been tested with the Pearson correlation coefficients test. The result indicates that the liquidity variables CDTA and CDDEP are negatively related with all selected profitability variables. On the other hand, the remaining two liquidity variables INVSTA and INVSDEP are positively related with all three profitability variables. Table 2 Correlation Matrix of Profitability and Liquidity Variables ROA ROE ROD CDTA CDDEP INVSTA INVSDEP ROA 1 ROE .905** 1 ROD .994** .867** 1 CDTA -.232 -.062 -.260 1 CDDEP -.206 -.048 -.226 .993** 1 INVSTA .222 .037 .252 -.945** -.936** 1 INVSDEP .326* .115 .376** -.896** -.856** .950** 1 Pearson Correlation Coefficient ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) 4.3 Regression Results Tables 3, Table 4 Table 5 report the results of regression analysis in which four independent variables are regressed by using the data of Islamic banks of Bangladesh from 2001 to 2011. The adjusted value of R squares indicate that ROA, ROE and ROD of Islamic banks of Bangladesh are respectively 17.1%, 4.5% and 24.6% dependent on independent variables, i.e. CDTA, CDDEP, INVSTA and INVSDEP. Therefore, as liquidity factor, these four variables are considered major issues to defining profitability of Islamic banks in Bangladesh over eleven years period. Table 3 Regression Results of ROA (2001-2011) Model 1 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 2.125 3.118 .681 .499 CDTA .293 .186 3.502 1.576 .121 CDDEP -.274 .161 -3.652 -1.699 .096* INVSTA -.194 .074 -2.110 -2.630 .011** INVSDEP .159 .054 2.343 2.948 .005*** R squared .233 Adjusted R squared .171 F statistics esults 3.792 P-value .009*** Durbin-Watson 1.635 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level *Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) According to the regression results as specified in Table 3, CDTA and INVSDEP are positively correlated with ROA. Alternatively CDDEP and INVSTA show negative relationship with ROA. With an exception to CDTA; rest independent variables CDDEP, INVSTA and INVSDEP are significantly correlated with ROA at 10%, 5% and 1% significant level in that order. Durbin-Watson test shows that the residuals are positively correlated. At overall 1% significant level as per p-value the liquidity model [Model 1] is significantly correlated with ROA. So the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted here. Table 4 Regression Results of ROE (2001-2011) Model 2 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 77.929 88.349 .882 .382 CDTA 7.326 5.277 3.312 1.388 .171 CDDEP -6.960 4.571 -3.513 -1.523 .134 INVSTA -4.796 2.096 -1.971 -2.289 .026** INVSDEP 3.492 1.528 1.949 2.285 .027** R squared .116 Adjusted R squared .045 F statistics 1.637 P-value .180 Durbin-Watson 2.024 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level * Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) Table 4 represents that CDTA and INVSDEP are positively correlated with ROE. At the same time CDDEP and INVSTA create negative correlation with ROE. Here, only INVSTA and INVSDEP are found significant with ROE at 5% significant level. As Durbin-Watson statistic is approximately very close to 2, therefore the residuals are uncorrelated. However, according to p-value the overall liquidity model [Model 2] is not significantly related with ROE at any formulated level. Thus the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted for the relationship of liquidity and profitability (ROE). Table 5 Regression Results of ROD (2001-2011) Model 3 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 2.433 3.464 .702 .486 CDTA .340 .207 3.480 1.642 .107 CDDEP -.317 .179 -3.631 -1.771 .083* INVSTA -.245 .082 -2.284 -2.985 .004*** INVSDEP .202 .060 2.557 3.373 .001*** R squared .302 Adjusted R squared .246 F statistics 5.404 P-value .001*** Durbin-Watson 1.599 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level * Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) As demonstrated in Table 5 ROD has positive relation with CDTA and INVSDEP, and negative relation with CDDEP and INVSTA. Here, only insignificant variable is CDTA. CDDEP is significantly related with ROD at 10% level. At 1% significant level both liquidity variables INVSTA and INVSDEP are detected statistically significant with ROD. Durbin-Watson test indicates positive autocorrelation for the residuals. As per p-value the model [Model 3] is statistically significant with ROD at 1% significant level. As a result here the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted. 5 Conclusion The current study marks the very first attempt to analyze liquidity impact on Islamic banks profitability in Bangladesh during the period 2001 to 2011. Major parts of the study results reveal greater dependency of banks profitability on liquidity. Specifically cash due from banks to total assets is not significant with any profitability variables. Cash due from banks to total deposits is found insignificant with ROE, but significant with ROA and ROD at 10% significant level. Other two independent variables investment to total assets and investment to total deposits are individually and significantly correlated with all selected profitability variables. Investment to total assets is significant with ROA and ROE at 5% significant level and with ROD at 1% significant level. On the other hand, investment to total deposits is significantly correlated with ROA and ROD at 1% significant level and with ROE at 5% significant level. The entire liquidity model is found statistically signifi cant with ROA and ROD at 1% significant level. The reason to discover ROE less dependent and insignificant with the overall liquidity model is possibly due to that huge loss in foreign transaction by Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited in the financial year 2004. However, adding further liquidity variable to the model may make it more or less significant with profitability. In addition, it should also be said that liquidity is not the single reason to defining Islamic banks profitability. Therefore, in any affair, current study serves as initial movement, leaving spaces for future researches to enhance and enrich its outlook.

Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment - 550 Words

Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment (Essay Sample) Content: Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentNameDepartmentInstitutionContactWord CountInstructorEffects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentThe human brain is one of the most sensitive constituents of the human body. Diseases affecting the brain are normally complex to cure which calls for specialized treatment. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists may have significant applicability in combating deficits in the pre-frontal cortex in humans as well as treating individuals with dysfunctional behaviors. This essay seeks to discuss the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in humans. Specifically, the essay will evaluate the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment on normal groups, individuals suffering from frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), and individuals suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).One of the notable effect of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment during normal group is that it leads to both a decrease and increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The increase particularly affects the cortices, both frontal as well as parietal (1). This increase is more pronounced on the pre-motor section on superior, mid-frontal as well as pre-central partitions of the gyrus. On the other hand, the decreases are more pronounced on the hemispheres on the posterior side and the perisylvian on the right part of the body. Specifically, the decrease is more pronounced in the left gyrus, the posterior cortex, and the transverse gyrus.When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to individuals with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), it is observed that rise in rCBF is most pronounced on the frontal gyrus. The decrease in rCBF is most pronounced in the lower hemispheres at the posterior side particularly the Maximal as well as the Vermis. However, there is an insignificant increase in the frontal gyrus (2). When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is adminis tered in rest control, the results are significantly different. Here, it is noted that the decrease in rCBF is more pronounced in the occipital region. Notably, though there are insignificant increases, the parietal region exhibits some significant increaseWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the test group exhibiting Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE), it is noted that increase in rCBF is only evident in the bilateral temporal parts of the body and the gyrus exhibiting the cingulate pattern (3). Specifically, it is noted that the anterior increase in rCBF supersedes the posterior increase. Notably, Maximal is significant at the middle part of the temporal gyrus covering both the insular and the cingulate at the right side of the body. Notably, there are minimal decreases on the posterior side. However, there is significant rCBF decrease in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the normal grou... Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment - 550 Words Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment (Essay Sample) Content: Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentNameDepartmentInstitutionContactWord CountInstructorEffects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentThe human brain is one of the most sensitive constituents of the human body. Diseases affecting the brain are normally complex to cure which calls for specialized treatment. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists may have significant applicability in combating deficits in the pre-frontal cortex in humans as well as treating individuals with dysfunctional behaviors. This essay seeks to discuss the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in humans. Specifically, the essay will evaluate the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment on normal groups, individuals suffering from frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), and individuals suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).One of the notable effect of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment during normal group is that it leads to both a decrease and increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The increase particularly affects the cortices, both frontal as well as parietal (1). This increase is more pronounced on the pre-motor section on superior, mid-frontal as well as pre-central partitions of the gyrus. On the other hand, the decreases are more pronounced on the hemispheres on the posterior side and the perisylvian on the right part of the body. Specifically, the decrease is more pronounced in the left gyrus, the posterior cortex, and the transverse gyrus.When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to individuals with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), it is observed that rise in rCBF is most pronounced on the frontal gyrus. The decrease in rCBF is most pronounced in the lower hemispheres at the posterior side particularly the Maximal as well as the Vermis. However, there is an insignificant increase in the frontal gyrus (2). When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is adminis tered in rest control, the results are significantly different. Here, it is noted that the decrease in rCBF is more pronounced in the occipital region. Notably, though there are insignificant increases, the parietal region exhibits some significant increaseWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the test group exhibiting Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE), it is noted that increase in rCBF is only evident in the bilateral temporal parts of the body and the gyrus exhibiting the cingulate pattern (3). Specifically, it is noted that the anterior increase in rCBF supersedes the posterior increase. Notably, Maximal is significant at the middle part of the temporal gyrus covering both the insular and the cingulate at the right side of the body. Notably, there are minimal decreases on the posterior side. However, there is significant rCBF decrease in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the normal grou...

Performing a Monologue How to Prepare

The monologue performance is one of the most important assignments in a drama class. This assignment involves much more than simply reciting lines in front of the class. Most drama teachers expect a student to research the play, to develop a unique character, and to perform with confidence and control. Choosing the Right Monologue If you are performing a monologue  for a drama class, make certain that you follow the specifications of the assignment. Get advice from your instructor about preferred monolog sources. Monologues can be found in many forms: Complete Play: Whether it’s a full-length or a one-act, most plays have at least one monolog worth performing.Movie Monologues: Some drama teachers won’t allow students to select a speech from a film. However, if the instructor doesn’t mind cinematic monologs, you can find some good movie monologs here.Monologue Books: There are hundreds of books filled with nothing but monologues. Some are marketed to professional actors, while others cater to high school and middle-grade performers. Some books are collections of original, â€Å"stand-alone† monologs. A stand-alone monologue is not part of a complete play. It tells its own brief story. Some drama teachers allow them, but some instructors prefer students to select monologs from published plays so that the performer can learn more about the character’s background. Research the Play Once you have selected a monolog, read the lines out loud. Make certain you are comfortable with the language, pronunciation, and definition of each word. Become familiar with the complete play. This can be accomplished by simply reading or watching the play. You can further enhance your understanding by reading a critical analysis and/or a review of the play. Also, learn about the life of the playwright and the historical era in which the play was written. Learning the context of the play will give you insight into your character. Create a Unique Character As tempting as it might be to mimic the performance of your favorite actor, you should strive for originality. Your drama teacher does not want to see a copy of Brian Dennehy’s portrayal of Willy Lowman in Death of a Salesman. Find your own voice, your own style. Great characters can be perceived and performed in countless ways. To create a unique interpretation of your subject, study the arc of your character. Before or after your monolog performance, your drama teacher might ask you questions about your character. Consider developing answers to some of these: What is your character’s background?How does your character change throughout the play?What is your character’s biggest disappointment?Happiest moment?Deepest fear? Sometimes drama instructors will expect students to answer these types of questions while in character. So, learn to think, speak, and react the way your character would in a variety of situations. Perform with Confidence Studying the literature and developing the character is only half the battle. You must be prepared to perform in front of your instructor and the rest of the class. Aside from the old adage of â€Å"practice, practice, practice,† here are some useful tips to consider: Memorize your lines to the point that they become second nature to you. Try a wide range of emotions to discover which style suits you best.Practice projection. When you â€Å"project† you speak loud enough for your audience to clearly hear you. As you rehearse your monolog, be as loud as you want. Eventually, you will find the ideal vocal level.Do enunciation exercises. This is like a work-out for your tongue. The more you practice enunciation, the better the audience will understand each word.

Essay on The Consequences of Sin in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter:nbsp; The Consequences of Sinnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; It can be concluded that the consequences of sin is the theme of Nathaniel Hawthornes, The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorne explored this theme by four distinctive levels of sin. Although each level was equally displayed throughout the novel, the communal sin of mans inhumanity to man outranked all else. The primary characters are each guilty of one or more of the following levels of sin; the sin of vengeance, the sin of hypocrisy, and the sin of adultery. In the beginning of the novel, it is revealed that Hester Prynne is guilty of adultery. One of the consequences for her sin is a prison term. Secondly, she†¦show more content†¦Then, coming upon Hester and Pearl, he took their hands in his own, and all three were united as one upon the scaffold. No one except Roger Chillingworth found them there, but he wouldnt tell a soul, for he too was a part of this conspiracy. In spite of his desperate attempts, Dimmesdale only became physically and mentally worse, for he still hadnt honestly confessed to being Hesters accomplice. By deceiving himself and the townspeople, he was also guilty of the sin of hypocrisy. During the Election Day parade, when everyone was gathered in the town center, Dimmesdale, once again, took the hands of Hester and Pearl and confessed to adultery. When it was finally done, Dimmesdale passed away, for he was too sick and found no reason to live. Dimmesdale wasnt the only one guilty of being a hypocrite. Roger Chillingworth, actually Mr. Prynne, was also a hypocrite with his secret identity. Chillingworth was an eccentric man, who was guilty of a far worse sin than either Hester or Dimmesdale. He was guilty of vengeance. Ever since Chillingworth found Hester standing in public ignominy on the scaffold, he has been out to get revenge on the man who betrayed him. 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This is demonstrated through the novels The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Awakening by Kate Chopin. The Scarlet Letter follows the story of a woman named Hester Prynne who is forced to wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest as punishment for her crime of adultery. The Awakening follows the story of a woman named Edna Pontell ier and the struggle that she faces when she

Essay on Bartleby the Scrivener - 1515 Words

In Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, a story of â€Å"the strangest† law-copyist the narrator, a lawyer, has ever employed is told. The narrator experiences conflict with Bartleby when he â€Å"prefers not to† examine some law papers. Once Bartleby â€Å"prefers not to† once, he continues to repeat the statement on all request asked of him. This statement sends Bartleby into a state of tranquility, staying isolated in the cubical and refusing all assistance by any means. This state results in him going to jail, and eventually dying. This passive resistance Bartleby exhibits traps him physically and psychologically by surrounding him with â€Å"walls† the narrator symbolically describes numerous times. The idea of transcendentalism arises from†¦show more content†¦I think the idea from transcendentalism that there is no form of superior intelligence is the reason as to why Bartleby â€Å"prefers not to†(6) in all forms of requests. This is the moment in the story where Bartleby assumes the position of a transcendentalist. This point is where he breaks free of societal duties and refuses all help from the narrator, denying money and shelter from him. Although critiques such as Walter E. Anderson argue that Bartleby’s isolation shows â€Å"Christian-moral reading is the correct context† to assume, I disagree. There are allusions to biblical texts such as the narrator referring to himself and Bartleby as â€Å"sons of Adam†(11). But I think Bartleby is isolated to show how he is alone from everyone, living in a cubical, and being surrounded by walls. Although Christianity gives feelings of isolation with God, Bartleby is isolated with his spiritual self, saying he â€Å"would prefer to make no change at all†(21). Bartleby determines his fate by questioning himself and his societal roles. He does not look to Christ in any form, not believing in a higher intellectual form. Instead he finds serenity in his civil disobedience. Another form of symbolism important to Bartleby’s isolation is the imagery of â€Å"walls†. The story’s setting is on â€Å"Wall Street† and at the office the men work at â€Å"look upon a white wall† (1) and have an â€Å"unobstructed view of a lofty brick wall†(2). The walls represent society’s blocks on Bartleby and his progress in society.Show MoreRelatedBartleby the Scrivener Essay2334 Words   |  10 PagesBartleby’s Isolation and the Wall Introduction: â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener, A Story of Wall Street† is a short story by Herman Melville in which the narrator, a lawyer who runs a firm on Wall Street, tells the story of a rebellious scrivener who worked for him named Bartleby. One day, Bartleby simply states â€Å"I would prefer not to† when asked to do his normal copying duties as a scrivener (Melville). Soon Bartleby starts sleeping and eating at the office, refusing to leave. Eventually the narratorRead MoreBartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesBartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville Herman Melville, an American novelist and major literary figure explored psychological themes in many of his works. Herman Melville was born in 1819 in New York City into an established merchant family. The familys fortune had taken a decline that led to bankruptcy and caused insanity to enter into his fathers Life. Through his writing, Melville recreated a part of life that existed then, and is prevalent in our society today. Low selfRead More Social Deviance in Bartleby the Scrivener Essay608 Words   |  3 Pages Social Deviance in Bartleby the Scrivener nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Bartleby the Scrivener is a story that takes place on Wall Street, peopled by workers of a common mold.nbsp; Being a non-conformatist of the most extreme type,nbsp; Bartleby is eventually suffers a death of attrition.nbsp; The message that Melville intends for the reader is how society has little tolerance for social deviance. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; I mentioned aRead MoreBartleby, the Scrivener Story Analysis535 Words   |  3 Pagesso, you could relate with the lawyer in the story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener.† In this story, the narrator, who is a lawyer, has a simple man named Bartleby respond to a job opening as a scrivener. Unbeknownst to the lawyer, Bartleby did not act in the manner the lawyer would have expected. Bartleby is so outside of what is expected that it is almost as if he had died and no longer had to live up to society’s standards. In this story, Bartleby is portrayed as a lifeless zombie and is alone withRead More The Uncompromising Code of Bartleby the Scrivener Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Uncompromising Code of Bartleby the Scrivener  Ã‚     Ã‚   There are certain social codes that we are expected to follow. They are too numerous and obscure to know-but for the most part, they dont need to be known. The unspoken, unwritten set of rules we are obligated to live by are subtly imbued in us from birth. When we live outside those boundaries and follow our own desires, we are walking on thin ice. An eccentric choice in wardrobe or unusual habits can make the difference between beingRead MoreThe Lawyer and the Pandhandler in Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville540 Words   |  3 PagesIn the story of Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville, there is a lawyer who narrates the entire story. He owns his own law practice and also has an assortment of scribes who work for him. The first scrivener, named Turkey, was a hard worker until 12 o’ clock noon daily. Following that time, his work begins to diminish. The second, who they called Nippers, was the complete opposite. He worked best during the afternoon and even ing hours. Lastly, Bartleby didn’t do much work at all. He was lazyRead More Herman Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener Essay541 Words   |  3 Pages Bartleby- The Scrivener In Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, the author uses several themes to convey his ideas. The three most important themes are alienation, man’s desire to have a free conscience, and man’s desire to avoid conflict. Melville uses the actions of an eccentric scrivener named Bartleby, and the responses of his cohorts, to show these underlying themes to the reader. The first theme, alienation, is displayed best by Bartleby’s actions. He has a divider put up so that theRead MoreExamining the Character of the Lawyer in Bartleby the Scrivener 626 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many ways someone can interpret â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. I think throughout the story the narrator (the Lawyer) is the more sympathetic character. The lawyer, although an active member of society, alienates himself by forming walls from his own egotistical and materialistic character. The lawyer asserts, All who know me consider me an eminently safe man (Melville 131). The narrator is a very methodical and prudent man and has learned patience by working with others, such as TurkeyRead MoreEssay on Herman Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener1090 Words   |  5 PagesSince he will not quit me, I must quit him. amp;quot;Ah Bartleby, Ah Humanity.amp;quot; (Page 140, Herman Melville) This is the key to Bartleby, written by Herman Melville, for it indicates that Bartleby stands as a symbol for humanity. This in turn functions as a commentary on society and the working world, for Bartleby is a seemingly homeless, mentally disturbed scrivener who gives up on the prospect of living life. However, by doing so Bartleby is attempting to exercise his freewill, for he wouldRead MoreBartleby, the Hero in Herman Melville‚Äà ´s Short Story Bartleby the Scrivener1373 Words   |  6 PagesBartleby, The Hero in Herman Melville’s short Story Bartleby the Scrivener In Herman Melville’s short story Bartleby the Scrivener, Bartleby is the hero. The reasons as to why Bartleby is considered the hero of the story are that first, the character refuses to write in his job in the law office. He even starves himself to death by refusing to eat, but in the end, the spirit of Bartleby still remains alive and haunts the narrator. Throughout his life, the narrator remains haunted by the spiritual

How Mutagens Affect Our Organism Caenorhabditis Elegans (...

Caenorhabditis elegans Proposal Josephine Sinamano Janak Sunuwar November 6, 2015 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Specific Aims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Projected Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Abstract Throughout the years scientists and researchers have done many studies that pertain to how mutagens cause mutations in genes. They have also studied these mutations to see if they transfer to the next generation or whether the DNA repairs the mutation before it gets passed on. In this lab we will be looking at the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and how it will affect our organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). EMS is known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic because it can â€Å"produce significant levels of alkylation at oxygens of guanine and in the DNA phosphate groups. It can also produce GC to AT transition mutations and vice versa. There has also been evidence that EMS is able to break chromosomes† (Sega). We hypothesize that when we expose the C. elegans to the EMS, a mutation will occur on the DNA that will cause a phenotype to occur in the organism that is different from the wild type. Our goal is to be able to locate the mutation on a gene, and match it to o ther kingdoms to see if they are homologous to other genes. This is beneficial to us as humansShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease, Autism Spectrum Disorders ( Asd ), And Schizophrenia Impact Behavior And Cognitive Processes4159 Words   |  17 Pagesincreased presynaptic activity. Although spine dynamics throughout development have been well studied, very little is known about the genes involved in spine formation. A recent study in our laboratory discovered spiny projections on a group of inhibitory neurons called DD neurons in C. elegans. Using C. elegans as a model system, the goal of this project is to identify genes responsible for dendritic spine formation. Specifically, I will 1) conduct a forward genetic screen and examine candidateRead MoreFor My Final Clone Report, I Choose To Write About T6Dl4.17.Below2757 Words   |  12 Pagessequence but overall, the cDNA insert starts at G104 and ends at G1154 in the unedited sequence. When performing a BLASTn nr/nt database searc h and a BLASTn est database search for matches with the edited sequence, I found many matches with different organisms. Often the E-value was 0.0 and the edited sequence was also significantly similar to sequences found in different kingdoms as well. For the BLASTx search of the protein, I also got results with 0.0 E value with my edited sequence significantly

Statistics For Health Care Management And Administration

Question: Describe about the Statistics For Health Care Management and Administration. Answer: Advertising a product is of the effective ways of making the product reach a lot of people and increase the sales of a brand by creating awareness. In the healthcare services, there can also be the use of marketing products to advertise the importance of getting the product to maintain or improve health and also for purposes of creating an awareness of certain health concerns. The use of brochures in healthcare facilities as a form of advertisement can be one of the best and the most appropriate. In the process of spreading the need for a good and healthy life, brochures can be most applicable in hospitals. It is a form of marketing product that every person can access and read. Even if one cannot read and understand clearly, inserting pictures and other arts can be helpful in the advertisement (Kros, Rosenthal Veney, 2016). Many people may be afraid of going to a hospital and declaring their health status. In such cases, the health agents and health officers can use brochures to encourage people not to be afraid of declaring their status and focus a better future. This is applicable more so on people suffering from cancer, HIV, STDs and other incurable diseases. When people visit the health facilities, they are to be given these brochures that they will then walk with them home and possibilities are high that they will reach out to many people. Family members, friends and relatives of victims may be encouraged to assist their loved ones to get the assistance (Kongstvedt, 20 01). In as much as advertisement is concerned, and considering the many forms of marketing products available, brochures appears to be the most appropriate marketing product for health agencies as they will be dispersed to a community through the people visiting the health facilities. References Kros, J. F., Rosenthal, D. A., Veney, J. E. (2016).Statistics for health care management and administration: Working with Excel. Hoboken : Jossey-Bass, a Wiley brand, [2016] Kongstvedt, P. R. (2001).The managed health care handbook. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers.

Monetary Policy of Bangladesh free essay sample

Police Monetary policy is the term used by economists to describe ways of managing the supply of money in an economy. Monetary Policy is the management of money supply and interest rates by central bank to influence prices and employment for  achieving the objectives of general economic policy. Monetary policy works through expansion or contraction of investment and consumption expenditure. According to Paul Einzig â€Å"Monetary policy includes all monetary decisions and measures irrespective of  whether their aims are monetary and non-monetary, and all non-monetary decisions and measures that aim it affecting the monetary system. According to Harry G. Johnson â€Å"Monetary policy employing the central bank’s control of supply of money as an instrument for achieving the objectives of general economic policy. † According to G. K. Shaw â€Å"By monetary policy we mean any conscious action undertaken by the monetary authorities, to exchange the quantity, or cost (interest rate) of money. † From the above discussion monetary policy may be defined as the central bank’s  policy pertaining to the control of the availability, cost and use of money and credit with the help of monetary measures in order to achieve specific goals. The Importance of Monetary Rule There is a difference in between â€Å"pegged† and â€Å"fixed† rates, which lies in the adjustment system. A fixed exchange rate is the monetary rule that contains an equilibrating mechanism of the balance of payments. The gold standard was a good example of fixed rates. Countries defined their currencies in terms of weights of  gold and exchange rates represented the ratios of the weights. This system got into trouble very rarely, as during war, countries turned to finance deficit etc. Success of  gold depends on fiscal prudence. A country fixes the exchange rate between its currency and an important foreign currency. A currency board works automatically to preserve equilibrium in the  balance of payments. Some writers now speak of a â€Å"currency board† in order to describe a fixed exchange rate system because there is a common confusion  between pegged and fixed exchange rate. A fixed exchange rate is a monetary rule that gives the country the monetary policy of the partner country. On the other hand  pegged rate is an arrangement whereby the central bank intervenes in the exchange market to peg the exchange rate but still keeps an independent monetary policy. A flexible exchange rate is consistent with any monetary policy at all hyperinflation. Some countries don’t have the option of fixing the exchange rate  because some countries are too small but one of the countries is too large to fix, such as United States. This is because there is no currency to fix the US dollar. In this case the only choice is inflation targeting or monetary targeting, which depends on inflation rate. Stability of the inflation rate is an important policy and low inflation rate produce more stable inflation rate. It is very important that monetary aggregates contain important information about the economy. So from all of these discussion we see that how monetary rules affect the economy and its importance infixing the exchange rate. Objectives of Monetary Policy Monetary policy aims and methods have changed over time. Both in developed and developing economies, monetary policies seek to maintain price stability by sustained stable output growth in the face of internal and external shocks that are faced from time to time. In developed economies like USA with production factors at or close to full employment, monetary policies are formulated typically with the output gap (difference between the actual and the longer run potential output) in view; the policy stance is eased to  provide stimulus at times of slowdown when actual output lags the longer run  potential, and the stance is tightened to slow things down when the economy overheats with actual output running ahead of the sustainable longer run potential. Diagnosing and treating asset price bubbles symptomatic of overheating are major  issues of current debate in monetary policy. For developing economies like Bangladesh with significant underemployment/under exploitation of production factors, stimulating higher growth is imperative for  rapid reduction and eventual elimination of endemic poverty, and is therefore an overriding priority. The stimulus provided by monetary policies in accommodating the growth aspirations must not however over step towards macroeconomic imbalance destabilizing and jeopardizing future growth; and the pursuit of monetary  policies comprise the continual balancing act of supporting the highest sustainable output growth while adjusting smoothly to internal and external shocks that the economy encounter from time to time. The primary objective of the Monetary Policy of Bangladesh is to outline the formulation and implementation of monetary policy of the Bangladesh Bank (BB), and to convey its assessment of the recent and the expected monetary and inflation developments to the stakeholders and the public at large. The Bangladesh Bank Order of 1972 outlines the main objectives of monetary  policy in Bangladesh, which comprises— To achieve the price stability. To regulate currency and reserves.  ¦To promote and maintain a high level of production, employment and real income, and economic growth, since independence BB operated under a variety of pegged exchange rate systems amid capital controls. To manage the monetary and credit system. To maintain the par value of domestic currency.  ¦ To promote growth and development of the countrys productive resources in the best national interest. Although the long term focus of monetary policy in Bangladesh is on growth with stability, the short-term objectives are determined after a careful and realistic appraisal of the current economic situation of the country. Inflation Target It is the general wisdom that monetary policy tools are of immediate influence in controlling inflation. However contemporary evidence amply illustrates that monetary policy cannot deal well with the inflationary impact of external shocks such as the recent international price of oil and related energy products. Many central banks as a consequence focus on the core inflation, which is typically constructed by subtracting the most volatile components (e. g. , food and energy  prices, indirect taxes etc) from the consumer price index (CPI). The Bank of Canada argues that it is the core concept that better predicts the underlying price stability in the economy. Hence as a policy goal, core inflation may be amore credible target than CPI inflation. While there is no standard measure of core inflation in the Bangladesh context at this time, the construction methodology is made complex by two facts. First is that food items constitute nearly 60 percent of the CPI index, and while the appropriate commodity group weights may require a re-think, to ignore food entirely in defining the core inflation may render the construction a bit like ‘throwing the baby away with the bath water. Secondly, in Bangladesh context, the volatility of the international energy prices appears not to filter down to the CPI since the relevant domestic prices are subsidized by the state. Periodic adjustments in administered energy prices have always lagged the world market changes in both the time line as well as in magnitude often most dramatically. While it may be useful to focus on the non-food component of the index (which occupies only 41. 6 percent of the full CPI) in order to gauge at the build-up of  underlying inflationary forces in the economy, it would be unwise to treat this alone as a valid measure of core inflation. Bangladesh’s Monetary Policy In the first years after liberation, the primary target of monetary policy of  Bangladesh was to regulate not the quantity of money, but the direction of the flow of money and credit in support of the government financial programmed. In 1975, Bangladesh entered into a standby-arrangement with IMF and the countrys monetary policy got a changed shape, which fixed an explicit target of safe limit of  monetary expansion on annual basis. With this change, Bangladesh Bank started setting short-term objectives of monetary policy in close collaboration of the government and tried to achieve the target by using the direct instrument of control. The principal target of monetary control was broad money (M2) i. e. , the sum of the currency in circulation and total deposits of money in banks. The targeted growth of  M2 depended on a realistic forecast of the growth rate of real GDP, an acceptable rate of inflation and an attainable level of international reserves. Bangladesh Bank took measures to monitor credit and monetary expansion keeping in view the price situation and international reserves position. Efforts were made to achieve the targeted growth of domestic credit and thereby, the money supply, through imposing ceilings on credit to the government, public, and private sectors. The major policy instruments available to Bangladesh Bank were to set credit ceiling on the banks and provide liberal refinance facility at concessional rate for  priority lending. According to the national economic policy, the banks were to  provide the desired volume of credit at an administered and low rate of interest. The Bangladesh Bank (BB) has been announcing its monetary policy stance on a  biannual basis through the Monetary Policy Statement (MPS) since January 2006. Objectives of the monetary policies of the Bangladesh Bank as outlined in the Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972 comprise attaining and maintaining of price stability, high levels of production, employment and economic growth. The policy stances envisage repo, reverse repo, and BB bill rates as the routinely employed policy instruments for influencing financial and real sector prices towards the targeted path of inflation. The annual monetary programmers adopt the reserve money (RM) and broad money (M2) as intermediate targets; supported by a framework for regular tracking of other  asset and liability side sub-aggregates. The present MPS provides the monetary  policy stance that BB intends to follow during the second half: January to June (H2) of FY08. The prime objective of the policy stance for H2 FY08 is to ensure the use of the financial instruments towards promoting real sector growth at its targeted level along with reasonable price stability. The policy stance takes into account recent developments in real, external, fiscal, and monetary sectors of the economy and the near term macroeconomic outlook for the remaining period of FY08.

Sports and Teenage an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Sports and Teenage by Expert Sharon, | 22 Sep 2016 Does participation in sports keep teens out of trouble? The teenagers present a great challenge to parents who have the duty to bring up righteous individuals who adhere to the rule of law. Sports have been identified as one of the ways in which the youth can spend their free time in a constructive manner to avoid getting into troubles. Need essay sample on "Sports and Teenage" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Introduction: The youth in the current times do find themselves in trouble even when they least expect it. The media, the internet, and availability of drugs and prohibited substances are the major causes of social problems facing the youth today. Young lads are often found engaging in troublesome activities like petty crime and drug abuse if left unattended to. The youth, therefore, requires being well occupied during their free time with constructive activities so as to avoid the problem of being lured in deviant behavior. This paper shall emphasize the importance of sports as one way in which the teenagers might be kept out of trouble. University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support:How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper now?Professional writers suggest: Get Academic Writing At Reasonable Price With UsCheap Essays Not Plagiarized Hire Writers For Blogs Custom Essay Reviews Cheap Essay Writing Sports and Teenagers: Parents are presented with a great challenge of bringing up the youths in a righteous manner especially during their teens. The parents have to be on the forefront and take the necessary measures in preventing the youths from falling prey to the dangers that they are prone to within the society (Wright, 2010). Sporting is one way in which the youths should spend their free time. It is obvious that the teenagers who are engaged in sporting activities shall have little or no time to engage in troublesome activities which include drinking alcohol, taking drugs, engaging in violence, sex, and delinquent activities. This can be substantiated by the survey that was carried out by an opinion research organization-Public Agenda- which revealed that sporting and other constructive activities were very crucial in the positive development of the teenagers (Feldsher, 2004). Conclusion: It is imperative to note that sports provide the teenagers with the best alternative to spending their free time. Sporting activities leave the youth with no time in which they might be able to think of engaging in trouble. Their free time is spent in the sporting activities and also the sports help in maintaining their physical health and building a good social life. Reference: Feldsher, M. (2004). Survey: Sports, Arts, Clubs, Volunteering -- Out-of-School Activities Play Crucial, Positive Role for Kids. Retrieved on 8th 2010 from;http://www.publicagenda.org/press-releases/survey-sports-arts-clubs-volunteering-out-school-activities-play-crucial-positive-role-kids Wright, J. (2010). Keeping Youth Out of Trouble. Retrieved on 8th 2010 from; http://ezinearticles.com/?Keeping-Youth-Out-of-Trouble&id=2912254