The Bad Influences of Television

Balance 571 Week 4 Essay Example Balance 571 Week 4 Essay Balance 571 Week 4 Essay Guillermo Furniture Analysis Paper University of Phoenix Corporate Finance FIN/571 Guillermo Furniture Analysis Paper . Guillermo Navallez is the proprietor and administrator of the Guillermo Furniture Company. Mr. Navallez has worked this store for year in the Sonora, Mexico region and had manufactured a positive affinity with that network. As of late, Mr. Navallez has two issues he is confronting. One issue is an abroad contender and the other is the significant expense of work. The abroad contender is making furniture utilizing new and inventive advances. Since Guillermo furniture represents considerable authority in stand-out hand made furnishings, his expense of work is incredibly high due to the time that is expected to make each piece. Along these lines, Guillermo is losing benefit just as clients; Mr. Navallez has been attempting various plans to help improve his business. . As of right now, the main choice for the Guillermo furniture store is straightforward. This organization must join the positions of its rivals so as to remain in business. Guillermo needs to change from carefully assembled pieces into utilizing the innovative innovation like its rivals. This innovation will reduce expenses on materials just as work, and still gracefully quality furnishings. Guillermo Furniture has a choice to be taken over by its rival. This alternative isn't gotten well by Mr. Navallez. He has no expectation of being purchased out. Since he wouldn't like to lose everything that he has worked for, Mr. Navallez needs to place an arrangement energetically right away. He is worried about his family and his obligation to deal with them. : In The organization utilized the â€Å"what-if† model, it would permit the entrepreneur to take a blend of his projections and think of one goals. On the off chance that he incorporates various speculations it will assist with setting up a current worth file. Mr. Navallez could then gain by his speculations. The WACC is built up by the utilization of various evaluations Mr. Navallez has been looking into changed options for the Guillermo Furniture Store. A company’s resources are financed by either obligation or value. By taking a weighted normal, you can perceive how much premium the organization needs to pay for each dollar it accounts. WACC is the general required profit for the organization in general and, it is frequently utilized inside by organization executives to decide the probability of development openings and mergers. It is the fitting rate to use for incomes with chance that is like that of the general firm (Investopedia, 2011). The primary alternative is to continue maintaining the same old thing and not rolling out any improvements. The net present worth investigation can be controlled by and outside substance to show whether Guillermo is working at its most noteworthy while in business. This will show the net present an incentive after expenses. The Net Present Value is the distinction between what something is worth and the current estimation of its normal future money (Emery, Finnerty, Stowe, 2007, p. 187). Next, the compensation time frame is the quantity of years it takes the business to recoup from the first venture. On the off chance that $300 million is contributed inside a specific timespan the organization will be capable add more income to the cash that was initially put into the organization. Restitution periods can take quite a while or a brief timeframe relying upon the conditions. Then again, it will inevitably pay off at long last. For Mr. Navallez and Guillermo Furniture, a compensation time span is the best alternative to help exploit the reproduction of his business. Capital planning is the way toward picking a drawn out capital venture According to (Emery, Finnerty, and Stowe). This remembers ventures for land just as hardware. Capital planning is educated to the store as a result of Guillermo’s resources, items, and administrations that the business gives. There is no restriction to the quantities of potential speculations that can’t be reached. Nonetheless, in light of present and future choices, imperatives for the future will be extremely thin. Arranging of these decisions will assist with benefiting from resources and improve the benefits later on. In The Guillermo Furniture Store Scenario, capital planning ventures are decided by esteem. We likewise discover that capital is worth more than it costs, since stock costs will increment and afterward the riches by the measure of capital will be unique. All in all The Guillermo stock would increment if the organization took on a capital planning venture with a positive stock worth and diminishing if the stock worth is negative. Reference Emery, Finnerty, Stowe. (2007). Corporate Financial Management (third ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall. Investopedia. (2011). www. investopedia. com. Recovered from investopedia. com/terms/w/wacc. asp University of Phoenix (2011). Lawrence Sports Simulation [Video podcast]. Fund for Managerial Decision Making: Working Capital Management. Recovered from http://https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/AAPD/merchants/goodbye/sims/money/working_capital/finance_working_capital_frame. html

A Change of heart About Animals Essay

Albeit quite a bit of current innovation is centered around materialistic things as opposed to the issues, for example, basic entitlements, which are increasingly significant. â€Å"A Change of heart About Animals†, by Jeremy Rifkin, is an article where he contends how creatures have sentiments and ought to have their own privileges. He portrays how creatures can learn. What he doesn’t do is portray creatures as a lower class, however as â€Å"Our individual creatures† so he states in his article. In Rifkin’s article he utilizes language, for example, ethos, feeling, and logos while utilizing an enticing tone. Ethos is communicated when Rifkin credits the researchers at Oxford University with the testing of two crows and their capacity to catch a bit of meat from inside a cylinder. Tenderness is additionally communicated towards the finish of the article when he sincerely calls creatures â€Å"our individual humans†. To wrap things up logos is communicated when he states how the European Union prohibited the utilization of secluding pigs in slows down. Some have contended that by straightforward jester’s creatures can live more joyful lives. For instance, in Germany pig ranchers are urged to allow pigs twenty seconds of human contact every day. A portion of the backers that give this examination are inexpensive food purveyors, for example, McDonalds, Burger King, and KFC. Their commitment has dialed the weight down of basic entitlements activists. Despite the fact that means have been taken towards investigate advancement, there is still more to be scholarly. Due to such unfeeling conduct appeared by certain ranchers, a few colleges have presented law seminars on basic entitlements. A portion of these Universities have documented claims for basic entitlements. Because of this Germany turned into the first country to ensure basic entitlements in quite a while constitution. It just demonstrates that there are still some acceptable individuals out there. It’s evident that more move should be made towards accomplishing our objective at basic entitlements. With the assistance of creature activists and some significant colleges, we can accomplish basic entitlements. It isn’t toll to them. That’s why it’s up to us to give our kindred animals the rights and assurance that they merit. Simply think, OK prefer to be confined the entire day with no state on what to eat, and live in hard conditions? A Change of Heart about Animals Essay In â€Å"A Change of Heart about Animals† Jeremy Rifkin says that creatures have a similar human characteristics that people have. Also, with that they merit more if not a similar measure of regard as people. He gives numerous models on how a few creatures are human like feeling and talented astute. I can't help contradicting Rifkin. I feel that most creatures ought not get more regard than people reason being that the greater part of the creatures he recorded will be slaughtered and be utilized for sensible human use. Regardless, Rifkin gives numerous models that are self repudiating to what he is attempting to contend. First Rifkin says â€Å"Studies on pigs’ social conduct financed by McDonalds at Purdue University†¦ they need warmth and are effortlessly discouraged if isolated†¦ absence of mental and physical upgrades can bring about decay of health.† Here Rifkin is stating that pigs need consideration so as to remain solid. I can't help contradicting this in light of the fact that at long last the pigs will be murdered and be utilized for human utilization so for what reason would it give it a second thought on the off chance that they are discouraged or not. Likewise, it negates itself in light of the fact that the individuals subsidizing it are one of the significant partnerships killing a huge number of pigs day in and out so it causes it to appear as though they are attempting to spare the pigs. Later he states â€Å"Philosophers since quite a while ago contended that different creatures are not fit for mindfulness since they need individualism†¦ At the Washington National Zoo, orangutans given mirrors investigate portions of their bodies they can’t in any case observe, demonstrating a feeling of self.† Here he is expressing how creatures do in reality have a feeling of mindfulness and that orangutans are a prime model. I can't help contradicting this explanation being that Rifkin didn’t give the name of the logicians who said this, making it not tenable on the grounds that anybody could have said that. Additionally they are not so much giving the orangutans to openly watch themselves since they have them secured up fenced in area at the Washington national zoo. With everything taken into account I think Rifkin doesn't give a sufficient contention. He gives models that effectively repudiate him making his contention not valid enough for the peruser. With this I think Rifkin is in no situation to state that creatures merit a larger number of rights than people.

Quality Assurance Essay Example for Free

Quality Assurance Essay It is the arrangement of Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E. T.B.- Mayo Area to create and execute a powerful Quality Assurance framework that shows steady reiteration of good execution utilizing an arrangement of recorded systems, which are known, comprehended and worked by all faculty. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area’s QA framework exhibits our ability to screen, assess and improve the nature of projects and administrations to educators and mentors just as students. All Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area suppliers Quality Assurance frameworks are affirmed by FETAC (Further Education and Training Awards Council). What you have to know On Induction you will be given data about your program and the evaluation procedure from your guides, However it is your obligation to guarantee that you know about all appraisal data and request explanation on anything that you believe you don't completely comprehend. This handbook incorporates all appraisal strategies and techniques. All students must finish paperwork for receipt of the handbook. September 2013 Rendition 3 Quality Assurance Policies Evaluation Reasonable and Consistent Assessment of Learners Arrangements and Guidelines. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area Mission Statement In accordance with its statement of purpose, it is the approach of Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.Mayo Area to give a strong and positive instrument to guarantee that all students are surveyed in a fair way and that straightforward techniques are apparent to ensure agreeable results for all partners. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area is focused on guaranteeing that all techniques for evaluation are successful in estimating student achievement in accordance with reported learning results and that appraisal arrangement and practices are compelling in observing the legitimacy, value and unwavering quality of appraisal steady with national best practice. The arranging and recording of evaluations is to be done as per the granting body’s (FETAC) prerequisites and focus method. So as to accomplish this Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area has actualized the accompanying archived strategies, rules and systems: Admissions Policy Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area VEC Code of Behavior for Students and Procedures Evaluation Deadline Policy Criticism Policy Complaint Regarding A Grade Policy Offers Policy Excellent Circumstances Policy Written falsification Policy and Procedure for restorative activity. Evaluation Malpractice Policy. Application for Specific arrangement. Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area Anti Bullying and Harassment Policy Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area Computer Network and Internet Usage Policy. September 2013 Rendition 3 Evaluation Information Student Guidance and Information It is the learners’ duty to follow all rules on appraisal. Students will get the accompanying data either composed or verbally from the instructor conveying each module:The reason, strategies and timetable of FETAC evaluation errands. Applicable module descriptors, evaluation measures and cutoff times for accommodation of proof. A duplicate and clarification of area 9 (Assessment Regulations for Candidates) from NCVA/FETAC â€Å"Regulations for Centers and Candidates.† What components will and won't check towards interval and last appraisal and with what weighting. Extensive evaluation briefs and guidelines for all levels. The stamping and evaluating shows utilized. The results of evaluation, for example, choices about movement and privileges of bid, for example complaint with respect to an evaluation structure. Counterfeiting; the definition and the punishments, including instances of worthy referencing methods and Procedures for Corrective Action. How and when appraisal choices are made. †Feedback Policy, Appeals Policy. Arrangement on late accommodation of work. †Assessment Deadline Policy, Extenuating Circumstances Policy. Measures expected with respect to the turn in of work. Channels of correspondence for example input, inquiry with respect to an evaluation and so on †Complaint Regarding a Grade Form. Student jobs and obligations Students are answerable for looking for and guaranteeing that they know about data on evaluation, including cutoff times and so on. Students will follow the necessary techniques for appraisal Students must watch cutoff times as informed by the middle for the accommodation of all evaluation work. Up-and-comers must sign an announcement on all work to be surveyed expressing that all activities, assignments, student records and assortments of work/portfolio work introduced for evaluation are their own unique work †See Plagiarism Policy. Where gathering ventures/assignments have been attempted, all applicants must show which some portion of the work is their own. The arrangement of each gathering part should record or contain supporting proof of the individual’s commitment to the gathering task. September 2013 Rendition 3 Students must not meddle with or harm at all crafted by different applicants. Students must observe the standards and guidelines of the VEC and FETAC in regards to evaluation. Students ought to guarantee that they keep their very own duplicate work. When delivered evaluation work won't be come back to students, this is for security of appraisal purposes. Craftsmanship and specialty work, will be come back to students, this might be gathered at a predefined date and time after the interests cutoff time has lapsed †focuses will tell students of these occasions. On the off chance that a student doesn't gather the work or contact the middle by the predefined date, the craftsmanship and art work will be crushed, this is for security of appraisal purposes. Confirmations Policy This approach is set inside the setting of The Department of Education and Science, models and methodology, The National Qualifications (Education and Preparing) Act 1999 (NQAI) and The Further Education and Training Awards Council (FETAC), distributed approaches. This confirmations strategy is given Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area to encourage deep rooted learning and advance open doors for: Access Move Movement All Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.- Mayo Area focuses intend to: Provide a reasonable and straightforward arrangement of affirmations for every single planned student. Make sensible arrangement and convenience for students, incorporating those with an incapacity as per important enactment, with due respect to the proficient utilization of accessible assets. See application for explicit arrangement. All focuses must advise students regarding the information ability and fitness required for fruitful application in each program advertised. A particular passage necessities for a program will be expressed including suitable elective experience or capabilities. These will follow FETAC’s rules ‘Information for Learners Guidelines for Providers.’ All applications for programs got in any of Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim E.T.B.Mayo Area Centers for that program will be inspected by focus staff. All September 2013

The Skills Dilemma Skills Under-Utilisation and Low-Wage Work

The Skills Dilemma Skills Under-Utilization and Low-Wage Work A Bottom Ten Million Research Paper Jonny Wright and Paul Sissons January 2012 Contents 1. Presentation 2. Abilities under-usage in the UK and low-wage work †the size of the difficult 3. The test of improving low-wage work: the job of abilities usage 4. An investigation of abilities under-use in two low-wage segments †retail and neighborliness 5. Ends and arrangement proposals Appendix I: Under-utilization of abilities in The Work Foundation’s Knowledge Workers Survey 8 11 17 27 32 List of Boxes, Figures and Tables Box 1: Approaches to aptitudes use Box 2: Summary discoveries: Drivers of aptitudes under-usage in low-wage segments Figure 1: Percentage of representatives over and under-talented, by industry Figure 2: Percentage of workers over and under-gifted, by occupation Figure 3: Employment by occupation in the retail division and the entire economy Figure 4: Employment by occupation in accommodation an d the entire economy Table 1: Making terrible occupations great 5 23 10 18 20 16Acknowledgements This paper is distributed as a major aspect of our Bottom Ten Million research program. We might want to thank our supporters †Barrow Cadbury Trust, Private Equity Foundation, The Tudor Trust and Working Links. We might likewise want to thank the accompanying master interviewees: Prof. Ewart Keep, Thomas Baum, Dr. Odul Bozkurt, Michelle Irving, Anne Murphy, Aoife Ni Luanaigh, David Fuhr, Bob Butcher, Mike Darby Prof. Irena Grugulis, Katerina Rudiger, Linda McLeod, Marc Robertson, Kate Tetley, Prof. Dennis Nickson.Jonathan Wright has left The Work Foundation, the report doesn't speak to the perspective on his new businesses. This paper is the second in a progression of productions as a major aspect of The Work Foundation’s new research program, The Bottom Ten Million, which centers around the business possibilities of Britain’s low workers among now and 2020 and tries t o recognize the need quantifies that should be taken on the off chance that they are to partake in the wellsprings of development and thriving throughout the following decade. There are ten million individuals in Britain who presently have yearly earnings of not exactly ? 5,000. The Bottom Ten Million program is supported by Working Links, The Tudor Trust, the Barrow Cadbury Trust and the Private Equity Foundation. 2 The Skills Dilemma 1. Presentation There is an aptitudes situation in the UK. Progressive governments have focussed on flexibly side measures to handle the UK’s abilities issues and to improve the nation’s worldwide financial intensity. Be that as it may, regardless of expanded interest in abilities and instructive achievement, work profitability in the UK lingers behind other comparator nations. Ruler Leitch’s audit of aptitudes found that the UK’s moderately poor abilities base just records for around one fifth of the profitability hole wit h nations, for example, Germany and France;2 with the rest for the most part owing to our poor record of ‘investing in physical capital, R&D and infrastructure’, yet reporters have likewise distinguished the significance of work association and employment configuration in boosting efficiency. 3 This paper difficulties the understood supposition in much aptitudes strategy making that the abilities issue lies exclusively on the flexibly side.Supply-side intercessions can surely support intensity and furthermore have a significant effect on singular work advertise results; anyway in disengagement they have not been adequate to close the efficiency hole with contender countries. 4 We along these lines contend that more noteworthy consideration should be paid to the restricted interest for aptitudes. This contention isn't new, Wilson and Hogarth supported this view in the mid 2000s,5 anyway affirmation of the issue in strategy circles, and progress towards better interes t side strategies, has been agonizingly moderate. The UK faces noteworthy abilities challenges.The recommendation of interest side concerns ought not be taken as suggesting that there are not further upgrades that can be made in the flexibly of aptitudes. This is especially valid for the most reduced gifted. While the UK positions twelfth for significant level abilities in the OECD, it is further behind for middle of the road level aptitudes (eighteenth) and for low abilities (seventeenth). 6 The gracefully of aptitudes has significant ramifications for the capacity of managers to enroll an appropriately qualified and gifted workforce. Last year’s national business abilities review found that 19 percent of managers were experiencing an aptitudes hole. It is in this manner clear that on-going endeavors to improve the gracefully of aptitudes stay significant. 8 However, there is a developing group of research contending that the aptitudes issue is connected not exclusively to a bilities flexibly yet in addition to poor abilities usage. For this investigation we receive a meaning of aptitudes usage that catches both the individual, firm level and potential national impacts, and which was created by the Scottish Funding Council (SFC) who have as of late supported a program of 12 activities which test various ways to deal with abilities utilisation.CFE (2008) Skills Utilization Literature Review, Scottish Government Social Research Leitch Review of Skills (2005) Skills in the UK: The drawn out test HM Treasury 3 Keep, E. , Mayhew, K. what's more, Payne, J. (2006) ‘From Skills Revolution to Productivity Miracle †not as simple as it sounds? ’ Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22:4. 4 CFE (2008) Skills Utilization Literature Review, Scottish Government Social Research 5 Wilson, R. what's more, Hogarth, T. (Eds. (2003) Tackling the Low Skills Equilibrium: A Review of Issues and Some New Evidence Department of Trade and Industry 6 UKCES (2010) Am bition 2020 7 UKCES (2009) National Employer Skills Survey 8 Lawton, K. (2009) Nice Work If You Can Get It IPPR 1 2 The Skills Dilemma 3 Introduction Effective aptitudes usage is about: †¢ Confident, inspired and pertinently talented people who know about the abilities they gangs and expertise to best utilize them in the working environment. Working in: †¢ Workplaces that give significant and proper consolation, opportunity and backing for representatives to utilize their abilities effectively.In request to: †¢ Increase execution and profitability, improve work fulfillment and worker prosperity, and animate speculation, undertaking and advancement. Past research by The Work Foundation has discovered that somewhere in the range of 35 and 45 percent of representatives feel their abilities are under-used. 9 Other representative reviews, for example, the UK Skills Survey have revealed comparative outcomes. Aptitudes under-usage is additionally progressively common in low- wage parts. Manager interest for aptitudes is least in segments, for example, retail and accommodation †those segments which additionally utilize the most low-wage workers.Skills use matters for the UK economy, for bosses and for representatives. Right off the bat, in spite of the fact that the UK workforce has gotten progressively gifted as of late, the efficiency hole with comparator nations remains. There is a developing assortment of research that contends that an interest side methodology is expected to help close the hole. Also, better aptitudes usage matters for managers since it can bring about better spurred, certain and profitable representatives and decrease staff turnover. What's more, ultimately, better aptitudes use can make work all the more fulfilling for representatives, and improve their possibilities for movement. 0 Therefore, inability to comprehend and address the aptitudes issue properly won't just obstruct the UK’s long haul development potential h owever may likewise hose social versatility. 9 10 Brinkley, I. et al. (2009) Knowledge Workers and Work The Work Foundation CFE (2008) Skills Utilization Literature Review Scottish Government Social Research The Skills Dilemma 4 Introduction Box 1: Approaches to abilities use One issue innate in the aptitudes use plan is that the term ‘skills utilisation’ is dependent upon a moderately wide assortment of definitions.These definitional issues are additionally displayed in pragmatic abilities use strategies, with the early assessment proof from Scotland recommending various pilot ventures inclined intensely towards the gracefully side of aptitudes. There are additionally various ways to deal with aptitudes usage †these have been gathered as market-driven, state-driven and all encompassing (see table underneath). These methodologies contrast in their center, fundamental drivers and models of conveyance just as in their proposed outcomes.The following table gives an ou tline of a portion of these distinctions with respect to both their execution and effect: Implementation of approaches Market driven Focus Driver Model Organization Business execution HPW Learning move Leadership and the executives Employee trust State driven Organization National profitability National technique Workplace ventures Buy-in †bosses, representatives Holistic Industry/National thriving National methodology (joining procurement and use) Stakeholder commitment Sector wide activities FundEnablers Impact of approaches Market driven Take up Outcomes †monetary Low Profit Sales Productivity Job fulfillment Staff maintenance/inspiration Work escalation Employee purchase in State driven No proof Productivity Holistic No proof Use of assets Improved development Improved cooperation Outcomes †social Well-being Working conditions Equality and assorted variety Buy-in Dissemination Limitations Broad methodology MeasurementS (Source: CFE, 2008)Generally abilities usage is introduced as a positive idea, albeit a few observers seeing the idea in its broadest sense likewise contend that administration rehearses focused on purposely constraining the utilization of representatives aptitudes can likewise be instances of aptitudes use. The difficulties looked by low-wage laborers †remembering the under-usage of aptitudes for low-expertise low-wage parts †are driven by various components. There are powers both inside and outside of the working environment that shape under

The Liquidity On Islamic Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

This study examines the impact of liquidity on Islamic banks profitability during an 11 years period of 2001 to 2011. To explore and interpret the results the study has taken samples from five Islamic banks that have been in operation in Bangladesh on or before 2001 to till date. In order to construct the liquidity model it used four liquidity variables namely cash due from banks to total assets (CDTA), cash due from banks to total deposits (CDDEP), investment to total assets (INVSTA) and investment to total deposits (INVSDEP). According to adjusted R squares profitability variables return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on deposits (ROD) are respectively 17.1%, 4.5% and 24.6% dependent on independent variables. The statistical results suggest that CDTA is found insignificant with all profitability variables, whereas CDDEP is individually significant with all profitability variables except ROE. On the other hand INVSTA and INVSDEP are recognized significant with all three profitability variables. However, when ROE stands for an insignificant relationship with the overall liquidity model, ROA and ROD are identified significantly correlated with the similar model at 1% significant level. The findings do strengthen the specification that the impact of liquidity reflects adequate imposition on profitability that the Islamic banks in Bangladesh must abide by. Keywords: Dependency level; Islamic Banking Goals; Liquidity ratios; Profitability ratios; Significance level. JEL Classification: G21 Introduction Business in Islam has always been viewed as an opportunity for potentials as long as it stands on moral and ethical grounds and conforms to the Islamic code of conduct. The actual role of Islamic bank inherits in promoting and empowering the banking services and product based on Islamic principles. The main principles of Islamic banking comprise of prohibition of interest in all forms of transactions, and undertaking business and trade activities on the basis of fair and legitimate profit (Haron and Shanmugan, 1997). But according to Islamic principles, reward, i.e. profit without sharing the risks or hazards in the economic understandings is totally prohibited. Perhaps, the most significant risk of an Islamic bank is to build a sound liquidity management. Islamic banking has gained much popularity in Bangladesh over the last few years. There is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principles set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment / productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The downturn in the United States in the late part of 2008 led to a dramatic downturn in businesses and financial institutions, not only in the United States but other countries as well (Lau, 2008). It affected the world stock markets and made large financial institutions to either go bankrupt or sell off their shares to the public (Anup, 2009). But surprisingly it could not affect the Islamic banking industry as much as expected. Most banks now keep protective reserves on top of planned reserves. Excess liquidity is reported in nearly all Islamic banks (Ali and Howlader, 2005). Due to unavailability of local capital market, Islamic banking sectors have been suffering from investing idle fund in liquid venture (Rashid and Nishat, 2009). Surplus liquidity with Islamic banks cannot be easily transferred to conventional banks since the Islamic banks do not accept interest; however there is room for exchange of surplus funds among the Islamic banks on a Mudarabah / Musharakah basis. The greater the number of Islamic banks and wider their activities, the greater will be the scope of cooperation in this field. So, what should be the crucial choice of an Islamic bank; whether to take fundamental choice of profit maximization or to concern more on assurance of liquidity in any banking business under Islamic principles? Possibly the answer could rise if we can have ideas on how liquidity position affects Islamic banks profitability. Analysis of financial statement has become very significant due to widespread interest of various parties in the financial result of a business unit. As a Muslim community, Bangladesh and its people are in greater interest for a Shariah approved banking system. The question from the pe ople arise when there are any lacking in response to customers demand (liquidity risk) as well as any deficiency in showing upward banks value (profitability risk). Consequently this is a demand of time now to evaluate the impact of liquidity risk on profitability for overall Islamic banking industry in Bangladesh, as this paper attempts to find. Literature Review Banks today are under great pressure to perform- to meet the objectives of their stockholders, employees, depositors and borrowing customers, while somehow keeping government regulators satisfied that the banks policies, loans and investments are sound (Rose, 2004-2005). At present a lot of countries around the world having twofold banking system, as interest free banks are functioning parallel to conventional banks (Akhtar, Ali and Sadaqat, 2011). In Islam, profit is simply a reward of taking risk. So, it should be a natural outcome of the fair play of the twin forces of demand and supply in the market (Latif, 1982). On the other hand liquidity implies availability of cash that how bank rapidly may convert its assets into cash to meet the need of short term. It is considered that it is life of the banks. Higher amount of the liquid assets reflect the greater liquidity of the firm (Akhter, Raza, Orangzab and Akram, 2011). The essence of liquidity management problem arises from t he fact that there is a trade-off between liquidity and profitability and mismatch between demand and supply (Khan and Ahmed, 2001). While the bank has no control over the sources of fund (deposits), it can control the use of funds. To support their depositors demand, banks need money, or in other sense the power to create money. That is why Akkas (1982) suggested that commercial banks should be compelled to keep reserves up to the full amount of their deposits, a reserve of 100 percent. Islamic principles are always in favor of non-inflationary economy. Therefore, bringing a kind of equilibrium between demand and supply for investible funds appears to be a major concern for financial intermediation (Siddiqui, 2010). But, it is to be noted that Islamic market mechanism does not support the concept of equilibrium price, rather, acts as the instrument to meet the effective demand of a consumer.  [1] Not only does Islamic banks profitability seem less volatile than that of convent ional peers, but it is also higher on average, at least in the GCC region (Hassoune, 2002). Haron (2004) said that liquidity, total expenditures, funds invested in Islamic securities, and the percentage of the profit-sharing ratio between the bank and the borrower of funds are highly correlated with the level of total income received by the Islamic banks. Similar effects are found for external factors such as interest rates, market share and size of the banks. He also added that other determinants such as funds deposited into current accounts, total capital and reserves, the percentage of profit sharing between bank and depositors, and money supply also play a major role in influencing the profitability of Islamic banks. Return on assets is a good indicator of a banks financial performance and managerial efficiency. It shows how competent the management is in allocating asset into net profit. The higher the ROA, the higher is the financial performance or profitability of the bank s (Samad, 2004). Return on equity measures the rate of return on the bases of capital and equity capital (Akhter, Raza, Orangzab and Akram, 2011). This ratio indicates how bank can generate profit with the money shareholders have invested. The higher value of this ratio shows higher financial performance. Like ROA, ROE is also an indicator for managerial efficiency (Ika and Abdullah, 2011). Return on deposits shows percentage return on each currency of customers deposit. In other words, it indicates the effectiveness of bank in converting deposit into net earnings (Rosly and Bakar, 2003). However, profitability is only part of bank performance story (Samad and Hasan, 1999). Cash in a bank vault is the most liquid asset of a bank. Cash assets include vault cash held on bank premises, deposits the bank holds at the Central bank in its district, deposits held with other banks to compensate them for clearing checks and other interbank services, and cash items in the process of collec tion (Rose, 2004-2005). A higher cash-deposit ratio indicates that a bank is relatively more liquid than a bank which has lower cash-deposit ratio. Depositors trust to bank is enhanced when a bank maintains a higher cash-deposit ratio. On the other hand an increase in loan-deposit ratio indicates that a bank is in more financial stress by making too much loan. Therefore, lower loan-deposit ratio is always favorable to higher loan-deposit ratio (Samad and Hasan, 1999). Loans-assets ratio measures the percentage of assets that are tied up in loans. The higher the ratio, the less liquid the bank will be (Samad, 2004). While making significant progress in return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), the liquidity performance of Bank Islam Malaysia (BIMB, the single full-fledged Islamic bank in Malaysia) between 1984-89 and 1990-97 in various measures such as cash-deposit ratio, loan-deposit ratio and current ratio showed neither deterioration nor improvement (Samad and Hassan, 1999). Chowdhury and Ahmed (2009) investigated that total deposits of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. was higher in comparison to some non-Islamic banks during 2002 to 2006. Saifullah (2010) argued that Islamic banks in Bangladesh are superior to Conventional banks after an overall assessment of financial performance including liquidity and profitability position. When making comparisons across firms (or over time), it is useful to control for differences in their resource base (Foster, 2002). At the same time liquidity of those resources is of paramount significance for banks (Maheshwari and Maheshwari, 2002). Akhtar, Ali and Sadaqat (2011) found positive but insignificant relationship of size of the bank and net-working capital to net assets with liquidity risk in Islamic banks. In addition return on assets (ROE) in Islamic banks is found to be positive and significant with liquidity risk at 10% significant level. A study over determinants of Jordanian Islamic banks profitabilit y revealed that there are significant and positive relationship between Return on Assets and Provision for Credit Facilities + Interest in Suspense / Credit Facilities, Total Equity / Total Assets and Total Income / Total Asset of the Islamic banking, and there are significant and negative relationship between ROA and the Bank Size, Total Liabilities / Total Assets, Annual Growth Rate for Gross domestic product, Inflation Rate and Exchange Rate of the Islamic Banking. Also this study found that there are significant and positive relationship between Return on Equity and Log TA, TL / TA, TI /TA and ERS of the Islamic banking, and there are significant and negative relationship between ROE and PRFCFI / CF, TE / TA, GDPGR and INF of the Islamic Banking (Khrawish, Siam and Khrawish, 2011). Naceur and Goaied (2010) investigation regarding the determinants of the Tunisian banks performances during the period 1980-1995 showed that the principal determinants of a banks performance are by order of importance: labor productivity, bank portfolio composition, capital productivity and bank capitalization. Athanasoglou, Delis and Staikouras (2008) examined the profitability behavior of bank-specific, industry-related and macroeconomic determinants, using an unbalanced panel dataset of South Eastern European (SEE) credit institutions over the period 1998-2002. The estimation results indicated that, with the exception of liquidity, all bank-specific determinants significantly affect bank profitability in the anticipated way. The paper concludes with some remarks on the practicality and implements ability of the findings. Using bank level data for 80 countries in the 1988-1995 periods, a study suggested that interest margins differences and banks profitability reflect a variety of determinants such as; bank characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, explicit and implicit bank taxation, deposit insurance regulation, overall financial structure, and several underlying lega l and institutional indicators (Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Huizinga, 1998). Shahchera (2012) analyzed the impact of liquid asset holdings on bank profitability for a sample of Iranian banks. Applying the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), this study analyzed the profitability of listed banks using unbalanced panel data over the period of 2002-2009. An important finding of this study is that the business cycle significantly affects bank profits. The coefficient of regulation is negative and significant. Therefore if regulators reduce the constraints imposed on banks, banks obtain profit. Liquidity is of vital importance to the daily operations of a bank. Maintenance of a sound liquidity position of the bank is necessary to protect the bank against uncertainties of its business. Maintenance of liquidity bears both risk and return. A tradeoff between these two elements can minimize the conflict between liquidity versus profitability of a bank (Islam, 2008). As stated by Islam (2008) K och (1992) believed that there is a short-run tradeoff between liquidity and profitability. The more liquid a bank is, the lower are its return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA), all other things being equal. Therefore, statistical significance of liquidity on profitability can be a great factor for potential investors. In a nutshell the influence of Islamic banks liquidity cannot be negligible when considering profit as their most vigorous concern. Methodology 3.1 Sample Design and Data Collection In Bangladesh, currently seven Islamic banks are providing their services as pure Islamic banks and running their operations under the guidance of Islamic Shariah. Among them, five Islamic banks have been selected to investigate the impact of Islamic banks liquidity risk on profitability over the period of 11 years during 2001 to 2011.  [2]  Selected Islamic banks are- 1. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited 2. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited 3. Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited 4. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited 5. Social Islami Bank Limited The data used in this study are compiled from income statements and balance sheets of selected banks from their each year annual report. The study model is tested on time series cross-sectional bank level data in the context of Bangladesh over the period 2001 to 2011. Thus, present study has been conducted taking into account a total samples of [5ÃÆ'Æ’-11] 55 under each variable. 3.2 Explanatory Variables To analyze the liquidity impact on profitability using multiple regression analysis, variables were assigned into two sections- Dependent Variables: Return on Assets = Net Income after Taxes / Total Assets Return on Equity = Net Income after Taxes / Total Equity Capital Account Return on Deposits = Net Income after Taxes / Total Deposits Independent Variables: Cash Due from Banks to Total Assets = Cash Due from Banks / Total Assets Cash Due from Banks to Total Deposits = Cash Due from Banks / Total Deposits Investment (Loans Advances) to Total Assets = Investment / Total Assets Investment (Loans Advances) to Total Deposits = Investment / Total Deposits 3.3 Research Model and Hypotheses The current research is being conducted to evaluate the impact of liquidity on profitability by applying multiple linear regression model which had previously been developed and applied by Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Huizinga (1999), Haron (2004), Athanasoglou, Delis and Staikouras (2008), Toni (2008), Naceur and Goaied (2008), Saleem and Rehman (2011), Khrawish, Siam and Khrawish (2011), Shahchera (2012) and many more in essence of their contribution to banking, economics and finance. Utilizing the similar model these preceding studies focused on assessing diverse determinants of Islamic banks profitability. Present study used the same model but for only to strengthening on liquidity variables in order to demonstrate their impact on profitability. Current research model is as follows- Where, ROA = Return on assets ROE = Return on equity ROD = Return on deposits CDTA = Cash due from banks to total assets CDDEP = Cash due from banks to total deposits INVSTA = Inve stment (loans advances) to total assets INVSDEP = Investment (loans advances) to total deposits ÃÆ'†°Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" = constant term ÃÆ' ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ = slopes associated with the independent (liquidity) variables i = banks t = time ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ = error term To do the analysis following two hypotheses were designed: There is an insignificant relationship between liquidity and profitability, i.e. H0: b1 = b2 = b3 = b4 = 0 (null hypothesis) There is a significant relationship between liquidity and profitability, i.e. Ha: b1 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b3 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b4 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   0 (alternative hypothesis) 4 Statistical Results and Analyses The statistical analysis of secondary data has been divided into three dimensions, i.e. descriptive, correlation and regression. All the statistical tests have been performed through SPSS V15.0. 4.1 Descriptive Statistics Table 1 shows descriptive statistics for dependent and independent variables. The analyzed statistics figures illustrate the mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values of Islamic banks. The statistics suggest irregular drawbacks in minimum value of ROA ROD, even more in ROE, leading to a dramatic decrease in percentage return for overall Islamic banking industry.  [3]  The mean value of dependent variables imply that maximum portion of banks income goes for shareholders, as here ROE indicates greater outcome in percentage return in comparisons to ROA or ROD. However, according to the statistics, the fraction of investment in total assets and total deposits exceeds cash due from banks to a great extent if we take a look at their mean values. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Dependent Variable ROA -4.85 3.07 1.2060 1.05572 ROE -176.07 38.81 15.8591 27.86636 ROD -5.20 3.66 1.4722 1.22965 Independent Variable CDTA 9.94 82.12 21.4307 12.59587 CDDEP 11.62 95.43 25.3715 14.06618 INVSTA 13.33 82.51 70.2224 11.45243 INVSDEP 15.49 103.86 84.2804 15.55431 Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) 4.2 Correlation Matrix The correlation coefficients are stated in Table 2. This gives information on the degree of correlation between all the dependent (profitability) and independent (liquidity) variables used in the analysis. The opportunity has been tested with the Pearson correlation coefficients test. The result indicates that the liquidity variables CDTA and CDDEP are negatively related with all selected profitability variables. On the other hand, the remaining two liquidity variables INVSTA and INVSDEP are positively related with all three profitability variables. Table 2 Correlation Matrix of Profitability and Liquidity Variables ROA ROE ROD CDTA CDDEP INVSTA INVSDEP ROA 1 ROE .905** 1 ROD .994** .867** 1 CDTA -.232 -.062 -.260 1 CDDEP -.206 -.048 -.226 .993** 1 INVSTA .222 .037 .252 -.945** -.936** 1 INVSDEP .326* .115 .376** -.896** -.856** .950** 1 Pearson Correlation Coefficient ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) 4.3 Regression Results Tables 3, Table 4 Table 5 report the results of regression analysis in which four independent variables are regressed by using the data of Islamic banks of Bangladesh from 2001 to 2011. The adjusted value of R squares indicate that ROA, ROE and ROD of Islamic banks of Bangladesh are respectively 17.1%, 4.5% and 24.6% dependent on independent variables, i.e. CDTA, CDDEP, INVSTA and INVSDEP. Therefore, as liquidity factor, these four variables are considered major issues to defining profitability of Islamic banks in Bangladesh over eleven years period. Table 3 Regression Results of ROA (2001-2011) Model 1 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 2.125 3.118 .681 .499 CDTA .293 .186 3.502 1.576 .121 CDDEP -.274 .161 -3.652 -1.699 .096* INVSTA -.194 .074 -2.110 -2.630 .011** INVSDEP .159 .054 2.343 2.948 .005*** R squared .233 Adjusted R squared .171 F statistics esults 3.792 P-value .009*** Durbin-Watson 1.635 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level *Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) According to the regression results as specified in Table 3, CDTA and INVSDEP are positively correlated with ROA. Alternatively CDDEP and INVSTA show negative relationship with ROA. With an exception to CDTA; rest independent variables CDDEP, INVSTA and INVSDEP are significantly correlated with ROA at 10%, 5% and 1% significant level in that order. Durbin-Watson test shows that the residuals are positively correlated. At overall 1% significant level as per p-value the liquidity model [Model 1] is significantly correlated with ROA. So the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted here. Table 4 Regression Results of ROE (2001-2011) Model 2 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 77.929 88.349 .882 .382 CDTA 7.326 5.277 3.312 1.388 .171 CDDEP -6.960 4.571 -3.513 -1.523 .134 INVSTA -4.796 2.096 -1.971 -2.289 .026** INVSDEP 3.492 1.528 1.949 2.285 .027** R squared .116 Adjusted R squared .045 F statistics 1.637 P-value .180 Durbin-Watson 2.024 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level * Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) Table 4 represents that CDTA and INVSDEP are positively correlated with ROE. At the same time CDDEP and INVSTA create negative correlation with ROE. Here, only INVSTA and INVSDEP are found significant with ROE at 5% significant level. As Durbin-Watson statistic is approximately very close to 2, therefore the residuals are uncorrelated. However, according to p-value the overall liquidity model [Model 2] is not significantly related with ROE at any formulated level. Thus the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted for the relationship of liquidity and profitability (ROE). Table 5 Regression Results of ROD (2001-2011) Model 3 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 2.433 3.464 .702 .486 CDTA .340 .207 3.480 1.642 .107 CDDEP -.317 .179 -3.631 -1.771 .083* INVSTA -.245 .082 -2.284 -2.985 .004*** INVSDEP .202 .060 2.557 3.373 .001*** R squared .302 Adjusted R squared .246 F statistics 5.404 P-value .001*** Durbin-Watson 1.599 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level * Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) As demonstrated in Table 5 ROD has positive relation with CDTA and INVSDEP, and negative relation with CDDEP and INVSTA. Here, only insignificant variable is CDTA. CDDEP is significantly related with ROD at 10% level. At 1% significant level both liquidity variables INVSTA and INVSDEP are detected statistically significant with ROD. Durbin-Watson test indicates positive autocorrelation for the residuals. As per p-value the model [Model 3] is statistically significant with ROD at 1% significant level. As a result here the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted. 5 Conclusion The current study marks the very first attempt to analyze liquidity impact on Islamic banks profitability in Bangladesh during the period 2001 to 2011. Major parts of the study results reveal greater dependency of banks profitability on liquidity. Specifically cash due from banks to total assets is not significant with any profitability variables. Cash due from banks to total deposits is found insignificant with ROE, but significant with ROA and ROD at 10% significant level. Other two independent variables investment to total assets and investment to total deposits are individually and significantly correlated with all selected profitability variables. Investment to total assets is significant with ROA and ROE at 5% significant level and with ROD at 1% significant level. On the other hand, investment to total deposits is significantly correlated with ROA and ROD at 1% significant level and with ROE at 5% significant level. The entire liquidity model is found statistically signifi cant with ROA and ROD at 1% significant level. The reason to discover ROE less dependent and insignificant with the overall liquidity model is possibly due to that huge loss in foreign transaction by Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited in the financial year 2004. However, adding further liquidity variable to the model may make it more or less significant with profitability. In addition, it should also be said that liquidity is not the single reason to defining Islamic banks profitability. Therefore, in any affair, current study serves as initial movement, leaving spaces for future researches to enhance and enrich its outlook.

Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment - 550 Words

Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment (Essay Sample) Content: Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentNameDepartmentInstitutionContactWord CountInstructorEffects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentThe human brain is one of the most sensitive constituents of the human body. Diseases affecting the brain are normally complex to cure which calls for specialized treatment. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists may have significant applicability in combating deficits in the pre-frontal cortex in humans as well as treating individuals with dysfunctional behaviors. This essay seeks to discuss the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in humans. Specifically, the essay will evaluate the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment on normal groups, individuals suffering from frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), and individuals suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).One of the notable effect of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment during normal group is that it leads to both a decrease and increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The increase particularly affects the cortices, both frontal as well as parietal (1). This increase is more pronounced on the pre-motor section on superior, mid-frontal as well as pre-central partitions of the gyrus. On the other hand, the decreases are more pronounced on the hemispheres on the posterior side and the perisylvian on the right part of the body. Specifically, the decrease is more pronounced in the left gyrus, the posterior cortex, and the transverse gyrus.When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to individuals with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), it is observed that rise in rCBF is most pronounced on the frontal gyrus. The decrease in rCBF is most pronounced in the lower hemispheres at the posterior side particularly the Maximal as well as the Vermis. However, there is an insignificant increase in the frontal gyrus (2). When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is adminis tered in rest control, the results are significantly different. Here, it is noted that the decrease in rCBF is more pronounced in the occipital region. Notably, though there are insignificant increases, the parietal region exhibits some significant increaseWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the test group exhibiting Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE), it is noted that increase in rCBF is only evident in the bilateral temporal parts of the body and the gyrus exhibiting the cingulate pattern (3). Specifically, it is noted that the anterior increase in rCBF supersedes the posterior increase. Notably, Maximal is significant at the middle part of the temporal gyrus covering both the insular and the cingulate at the right side of the body. Notably, there are minimal decreases on the posterior side. However, there is significant rCBF decrease in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the normal grou... Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment - 550 Words Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Treatment (Essay Sample) Content: Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentNameDepartmentInstitutionContactWord CountInstructorEffects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists TreatmentThe human brain is one of the most sensitive constituents of the human body. Diseases affecting the brain are normally complex to cure which calls for specialized treatment. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists may have significant applicability in combating deficits in the pre-frontal cortex in humans as well as treating individuals with dysfunctional behaviors. This essay seeks to discuss the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in humans. Specifically, the essay will evaluate the effects of administering Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment on normal groups, individuals suffering from frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), and individuals suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).One of the notable effect of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment during normal group is that it leads to both a decrease and increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The increase particularly affects the cortices, both frontal as well as parietal (1). This increase is more pronounced on the pre-motor section on superior, mid-frontal as well as pre-central partitions of the gyrus. On the other hand, the decreases are more pronounced on the hemispheres on the posterior side and the perisylvian on the right part of the body. Specifically, the decrease is more pronounced in the left gyrus, the posterior cortex, and the transverse gyrus.When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to individuals with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), it is observed that rise in rCBF is most pronounced on the frontal gyrus. The decrease in rCBF is most pronounced in the lower hemispheres at the posterior side particularly the Maximal as well as the Vermis. However, there is an insignificant increase in the frontal gyrus (2). When the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is adminis tered in rest control, the results are significantly different. Here, it is noted that the decrease in rCBF is more pronounced in the occipital region. Notably, though there are insignificant increases, the parietal region exhibits some significant increaseWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the test group exhibiting Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE), it is noted that increase in rCBF is only evident in the bilateral temporal parts of the body and the gyrus exhibiting the cingulate pattern (3). Specifically, it is noted that the anterior increase in rCBF supersedes the posterior increase. Notably, Maximal is significant at the middle part of the temporal gyrus covering both the insular and the cingulate at the right side of the body. Notably, there are minimal decreases on the posterior side. However, there is significant rCBF decrease in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionWhen the Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists treatment is administered to the normal grou...

Performing a Monologue How to Prepare

The monologue performance is one of the most important assignments in a drama class. This assignment involves much more than simply reciting lines in front of the class. Most drama teachers expect a student to research the play, to develop a unique character, and to perform with confidence and control. Choosing the Right Monologue If you are performing a monologue  for a drama class, make certain that you follow the specifications of the assignment. Get advice from your instructor about preferred monolog sources. Monologues can be found in many forms: Complete Play: Whether it’s a full-length or a one-act, most plays have at least one monolog worth performing.Movie Monologues: Some drama teachers won’t allow students to select a speech from a film. However, if the instructor doesn’t mind cinematic monologs, you can find some good movie monologs here.Monologue Books: There are hundreds of books filled with nothing but monologues. Some are marketed to professional actors, while others cater to high school and middle-grade performers. Some books are collections of original, â€Å"stand-alone† monologs. A stand-alone monologue is not part of a complete play. It tells its own brief story. Some drama teachers allow them, but some instructors prefer students to select monologs from published plays so that the performer can learn more about the character’s background. Research the Play Once you have selected a monolog, read the lines out loud. Make certain you are comfortable with the language, pronunciation, and definition of each word. Become familiar with the complete play. This can be accomplished by simply reading or watching the play. You can further enhance your understanding by reading a critical analysis and/or a review of the play. Also, learn about the life of the playwright and the historical era in which the play was written. Learning the context of the play will give you insight into your character. Create a Unique Character As tempting as it might be to mimic the performance of your favorite actor, you should strive for originality. Your drama teacher does not want to see a copy of Brian Dennehy’s portrayal of Willy Lowman in Death of a Salesman. Find your own voice, your own style. Great characters can be perceived and performed in countless ways. To create a unique interpretation of your subject, study the arc of your character. Before or after your monolog performance, your drama teacher might ask you questions about your character. Consider developing answers to some of these: What is your character’s background?How does your character change throughout the play?What is your character’s biggest disappointment?Happiest moment?Deepest fear? Sometimes drama instructors will expect students to answer these types of questions while in character. So, learn to think, speak, and react the way your character would in a variety of situations. Perform with Confidence Studying the literature and developing the character is only half the battle. You must be prepared to perform in front of your instructor and the rest of the class. Aside from the old adage of â€Å"practice, practice, practice,† here are some useful tips to consider: Memorize your lines to the point that they become second nature to you. Try a wide range of emotions to discover which style suits you best.Practice projection. When you â€Å"project† you speak loud enough for your audience to clearly hear you. As you rehearse your monolog, be as loud as you want. Eventually, you will find the ideal vocal level.Do enunciation exercises. This is like a work-out for your tongue. The more you practice enunciation, the better the audience will understand each word.